Background This is the second updated Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society
guideline, presenting a consensus for optimal perioperative care in bariatric surgery and …

Background The use of clinical signs may not be reliable in measuring the hypnotic
component of anaesthesia. The use of bispectral index (BIS) to guide the dose of …

The primary focus of monitoring anesthetized patients is the assessment of depth of
anesthesia, cardiovascular and pulmonary consequences of the anesthetized state, and …

Background The use of clinical signs, or end‐tidal anaesthetic gas (ETAG), may not be
reliable in measuring the hypnotic component of anaesthesia and may lead to either …

Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring to indicate brain state during anesthesia has
become widely available. It remains unclear whether EEG-guided anesthesia influences …

Abstract What We Already Know about This Topic Up to 20% of patients undergoing major
surgery experience postoperative delirium or cognitive dysfunction Intraoperative …

General anesthesia—a pharmacologically induced reversible state of unconsciousness—
enables millions of life-saving procedures. Anesthetics induce unconsciousness in part by …

Since its introduction in 1965, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) has served as the
standard measure of potency for volatile anaesthetic agents. It is defined as the minimum …

Background 'Depth of anaesthesia'monitors claim to measure hypnotic depth during general
anaesthesia from the EEG, and clinicians could reasonably expect agreement between …

Background The bispectral index parameter is used to guide the titration of general
anesthesia; however, many studies have shown conflicting results regarding the benefits of …