Skip to main content
Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Microbiol Rev. 1979 Jun; 43(2): 241–259.
doi: 10.1128/mr.43.2.241-259.1979
PMCID: PMC281473
PMID: 390356

Temperature and host defense.

N J Roberts, Jr
Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer

Full text

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (3.4M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.

 
icon of scanned page 241
241
icon of scanned page 242
242
icon of scanned page 243
243
icon of scanned page 244
244
icon of scanned page 245
245
icon of scanned page 246
246
icon of scanned page 247
247
icon of scanned page 248
248
icon of scanned page 249
249
icon of scanned page 250
250
icon of scanned page 251
251
icon of scanned page 252
252
icon of scanned page 253
253
icon of scanned page 254
254
icon of scanned page 255
255
icon of scanned page 256
256
icon of scanned page 257
257
icon of scanned page 258
258
icon of scanned page 259
259
 

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  • Allison AC. Interactions of T-and B-lymphocytes and macrophages in recovery from virus infections. Proc R Soc Med. 1973 Dec;66(12):1151–1154. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Alojipan LC, Andrews BF. Neonatal sepsis. A survey of eight year's experience at the Louisville General Hospital. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1975 Feb;14(2):181–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ashman RB, Nahmias AJ. Enhancement of human lymphocyte responses to phytomitogens in vitro by incubation at elevated temperatures. Clin Exp Immunol. 1977 Sep;29(3):464–467. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Atkins E, Bodel P. Fever. N Engl J Med. 1972 Jan 6;286(1):27–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Atkins E, Bodel P, Francis L. Release of an endogenous pyrogen in vitro from rabbit mononuclear cells. J Exp Med. 1967 Aug 1;126(2):357–384. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Atkins E, Francis L. Pathogenesis of fever in delayed hypersensitivity: factors influencing release of pyrogen-inducing lymphokines. Infect Immun. 1978 Sep;21(3):806–812. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Atkins E, Francis L, Bernheim HA. Pathogenesis of fever in delayed hypersensitivity: role of monocytes. Infect Immun. 1978 Sep;21(3):813–820. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • ATWOOD RP, KASS EH. RELATIONSHIP OF BODY TEMPERATURE TO THE LETHAL ACTION OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN. J Clin Invest. 1964 Feb;43:151–169. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Austin TW, Truant G. Hyperthermia, antipyretics and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Can Med Assoc J. 1978 Mar 4;118(5):493–495. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Avtalion RR, Wojdani A, Malik Z, Shahrabani R, Duczyminer M. Influence of environmental temperature on the immune response in fish. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1973;61:1–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Faff J. Badania nad odnowa acetylocholinoesterazy zwierzat zatrutych estrem pinakolinowym kwasu metylofluorofosfonowego. Acta Physiol Pol. 1972 Jul-Aug;23(4):685–695. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BARON S. MECHANISM OF RECOVERY FROM VIRAL INFECTION. Adv Virus Res. 1963;10:39–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Beisel WR. Metabolic response to infection. Annu Rev Med. 1975;26:9–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Beisel WR, Goldman RF, Joy RJ. Metabolic balance studies during induced hyperthermia in man. J Appl Physiol. 1968 Jan;24(1):1–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bell JF, Moore GJ. Effects of high ambient temperature on various stages of rabies virus infection in mice. Infect Immun. 1974 Sep;10(3):510–515. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ben-Hur E, Bronk BV, Elkind MM. Thermally enhanced radiosensitivity of cultured Chinese hamster cells. Nat New Biol. 1972 Aug 16;238(85):209–211. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BENNETT IL, Jr, CLUFF LE. Bacterial pyrogens. Pharmacol Rev. 1957 Dec;9(4):427–479. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BENNETT IL, Jr, NICASTRI A. Fever as a mechanism of resistance. Bacteriol Rev. 1960 Mar;24(1):16–34. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BERLIN RD, WOOD WB., Jr STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER. 13. THE EFFECT OF PHAGOCYTOSIS ON THE RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN BY POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. J Exp Med. 1964 May 1;119:715–726. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bernheim HA, Bodel PT, Askenase PW, Atkins E. Effects of fever on host defense mechanisms after infection in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Br J Exp Pathol. 1978 Feb;59(1):76–84. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bernheim HA, Kluger MJ. Fever: effect of drug-induced antipyresis on survival. Science. 1976 Jul 16;193(4249):237–239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bernheim HA, Kluger MJ. Fever and antipyresis in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Am J Physiol. 1976 Jul;231(1):198–203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bhatti RA, Ablin RJ, Guinan PD. Hyperthermia and cellular immunity. JAMA. 1976 Dec 20;236(25):2844–2845. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BLAIR E, HENNING G, HORNICK R, COWLEY RA. HYPOTHERMIA IN BACTEREMIC SHOCK. Arch Surg. 1964 Oct;89:619–629. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bodel P. Studies on the mechanism of endogenous pyrogen production. I. Investigation of new protein synthesis in stimulated human blood leucocytes. Yale J Biol Med. 1970 Dec;43(3):145–163. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bodel P. Studies on the mechanism of endogenous pyrogen production. III. Human blood monocytes. J Exp Med. 1974 Oct 1;140(4):954–965. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bodel P. Pyrogen release in vitro by lymphoid tissues from patients with Hodgkin's disease. Yale J Biol Med. 1974;47(2):101–112. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bodel P, Atkins E. Human leukocyte pyrogen producing fever in rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966 Mar;121(3):943–946. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bodel P, Atkins E. Release of endogenous pyrogen by human monocytes. N Engl J Med. 1967 May 4;276(18):1002–1008. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bodel P, Miller H. Differences in pyrogen production by mononuclear phagocytes and by fibroblasts or HeLa cells. J Exp Med. 1977 Mar 1;145(3):607–617. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BORING WD, WALKER DL, ZU RHEIN GM. Factors influencing host-virus interactions. II. Alteration of Coxsackie virus infection in adult mice by cold. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Nov;93(2):273–277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brown RE. Interaction of nutrition and infection in clinical practice. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1977 Feb;24(1):241–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bruneau J, Heinbecker P. Effects of Cooling on Experimentally Infected Tissues. Ann Surg. 1944 Nov;120(5):716–726. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bryant RE, DesPrez RM, VanWay MH, Rogers DE. Studies on human leukocyte motility. I. Effects of alterations in pH, electrolyte concentration, and phagocytosis on leukocyte migration, adhesiveness, and aggregation. J Exp Med. 1966 Sep 1;124(3):483–499. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Caldwell FT. Metabolic Response to Thermal Trauma: II. Nutritional Studies with Rats at Two Environmental Temperatures. Ann Surg. 1962 Jan;155(1):119–126. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Carmichael LE, Barnes FD. Effect of temperature on growth of canine herpesvirus in canine kidney cell and macrophage cultures. J Infect Dis. 1969 Dec;120(6):664–668. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Carmichael LE, Barnes FD, Percy DH. Temperature as a factor in resistance of young puppies to canine herpesvirus. J Infect Dis. 1969 Dec;120(6):669–678. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Carter WA, De Clercq E. Viral infection and host defense. Science. 1974 Dec 27;186(4170):1172–1178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cavaliere R, Ciocatto EC, Giovanella BC, Heidelberger C, Johnson RO, Margottini M, Mondovi B, Moricca G, Rossi-Fanelli A. Selective heat sensitivity of cancer cells. Biochemical and clinical studies. Cancer. 1967 Sep;20(9):1351–1381. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Chao P, Francis L, Atkins E. The release of an endogenous pyrogen from guinea pig leukocytes in vitro: a new model for investigating the role of lymphocytes in fevers induced by antigen in hosts with delayed hypersensitivity. J Exp Med. 1977 May 1;145(5):1288–1298. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Charlton DB, Levine M. Some Observations on the Germicidal Efficiency of Chloramine-T and Calcium Hypochlorite. J Bacteriol. 1935 Aug;30(2):163–171. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Chen TT, Heidelberger C. Quantitative studies on the malignant transformation of mouse prostate cells by carcinogenic hydrocarbons in vitro. Int J Cancer. 1969 Mar 15;4(2):166–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cohen P, Warren SL. A STUDY OF THE LEUKOCYTOSIS PRODUCED IN MAN BY ARTIFICIAL FEVER. J Clin Invest. 1935 Jul;14(4):423–433. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Colvin JW, Mills CA. EASE OF BODY HEAT LOSS AND RESISTANCE TO INFECTION. Science. 1939 Sep 22;90(2334):275–276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cone RE, Marchalonis JJ. Cellular and humoral aspects of the influence of environmental temperature on the immune response of poikilothermic vertebrates. J Immunol. 1972 Apr;108(4):952–957. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Connor WG, Gerner EW, Miller RC, Boone ML. Prospects for hyperthermia in human cancer therapy. Part II: implications of biological and physical data for applications of hyperthermia to man. Radiology. 1977 May;123(2):497–503. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • COUVES CM, EATON WL, OVERTON RC., Jr Hematologic changes in hypothermic dogs. Surg Forum. 1956;6:102–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Covert JB, Reynolds WW. Survival value of fever in fish. Nature. 1977 May 5;267(5606):43–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Craig CP, Suter E. Extracellular factors influencing staphylocidal capacity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Immunol. 1966 Aug;97(2):287–296. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Crout JE, Hepburn B, Ritts RE., Jr Suppression of lymphocyte transformation after aspirin ingestion. N Engl J Med. 1975 Jan 30;292(5):221–223. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • D'Alecy LG, Kluger MJ. Avian febrile response. J Physiol. 1975 Dec;253(1):223–232. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dewey WC, Hopwood LE, Sapareto SA, Gerweck LE. Cellular responses to combinations of hyperthermia and radiation. Radiology. 1977 May;123(2):463–474. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dickson JA, Calderwood SK. In vivo hyperthermia of Yoshida tumour induces entry of non-proliferating cells into cycle. Nature. 1976 Oct 28;263(5580):772–774. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dickson JA, Muckle DS. Total-body hyperthermia versus primary tumor hyperthermia in the treatment of the rabbit VX-2 carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1972 Sep;32(9):1916–1923. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dickson JA, Suzangar M. In vitro-in vivo studies on the susceptibility of the solid Yoshida sarcoma to drugs and hyperthermia (42 degrees). Cancer Res. 1974 Jun;34(6):1263–1274. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dinarello CA, Bodel PT, Atkins E. The role of the liver in the production of fever and in pyrogenic tolerance. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1968;81:334–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dinarello CA, Goldin NP, Wolff SM. Demonstration and characterization of two distinct human leukocytic pyrogens. J Exp Med. 1974 Jun 1;139(6):1369–1381. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • EISEMAN B, MALETTE WG, SUMMERS WB, TONG JL, WOTKYNS RS. Prolonged hypothermia in experimental pneumococcal peritonitis. J Clin Invest. 1956 Sep;35(9):940–946. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • EISEMAN B, WOTKYNS RS, HIROSE H. HYPOTHERMIA AND INFECTION: THREE MECHANISMS OF HOST PROTECTION IN TYPE 3 PNEUMOCOCCAL PERITONITIS. Ann Surg. 1964 Dec;160:994–1006. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • COLE WH, EVERSON TC. Spontaneous regression of cancer: preliminary report. Ann Surg. 1956 Sep;144(3):366–383. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • FEDOR EJ, FISHER B, FISHER ER, LEE SH, WEITZEL WK. Effect of hypothermia upon induced bacteremia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956 Dec;93(3):510–512. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Feigin RD, Shearer WT. Opportunistic infection in children. III. In the normal host. J Pediatr. 1975 Dec;87(6 Pt 1):852–866. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Fernandez G, Schwartz JM. Immune responsiveness and hematologic malignancy in the elderly. Med Clin North Am. 1976;60(6):1253–1271. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Furuuchi S, Shimizu Y. Effect of ambient temperatures on multiplication of attenuated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the bodies of newborn piglets. Infect Immun. 1976 Mar;13(3):990–992. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Giovanella BC, Lohman WA, Heidelberger C. Effects of elevated temperatures and drugs on the viability of L1210 leukemia cells. Cancer Res. 1970 Jun;30(6):1623–1631. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Giovanella BC, Morgan AC, Stehlin JS, Williams LJ. Selective lethal effect of supranormal temperatures on mouse sarcoma cells. Cancer Res. 1973 Nov;33(11):2568–2578. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Gladstone JL, Recco R. Host factors and infectious diseases in the elderly. Med Clin North Am. 1976;60(6):1225–1240. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Goss P, Parsons PG. The effect of hyperthermia and melphalan on survival of human fibroblast strains and melanoma cell lines. Cancer Res. 1977 Jan;37(1):152–156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • GOWEN GF, FRIOU GJ. The influence of hypothermia on experimental bacteremia in dogs. Surgery. 1961 Dec;50:919–921. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Green GM, Kass EH. The influence of bacterial species on pulmonary resistance to infection in mice subjected to hypoxia, cold stress, and ethanolic intoxication. Br J Exp Pathol. 1965 Jun;46(3):360–366. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • CRILE G., Jr Selective destruction of cancers after exposure to heat. Ann Surg. 1962 Sep;156:404–407. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hafström L, Holmin T. Relationship between postoperative temperature and survival in patients resected for colorectal cancer. Am J Surg. 1978 Feb;135(2):213–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hahn EW, Alfieri AA, Kim JH. Increased cures using fractionated exposures of X irradiation and hyperthermia in the local treatment of the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma in mice. Radiology. 1974 Oct;113(1):199–202. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hahn GM. Metabolic aspects of the role of hyperthermia im mammalian cell inactivation and their possible relevance to cancer treatment. Cancer Res. 1974 Nov;34(11):3117–3123. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hahn GM, Braun J, Har-Kedar I. Thermochemotherapy: synergism between hyperthermia (42-43 degrees) and adriamycin (of bleomycin) in mammalian cell inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):937–940. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hahn HH, Char DC, Postel WB, Wood WB., Jr Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. XV. The production of endogenous pyrogen by peritoneal macrophages. J Exp Med. 1967 Aug 1;126(2):385–394. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Haines H, Kleese WC. Effect of water temperature on a herpesvirus infection of sea turtles. Infect Immun. 1977 Mar;15(3):756–759. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • BITTNER JJ, HALBERG F, SPINK WW. Protection by aldosterone and 11,17-oxycorticoids against effects of Brucella somatic antigen in adrenalectomized mice. Endocrinology. 1956 Sep;59(3):380–383. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hall RR, Schade RO, Swinney J. Effects of hyperthermia on bladder cancer. Br Med J. 1974 Jun 15;2(5919):593–594. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Harris JW. Effects of Tumor-like assay conditions, lonizing radiation, and hyperthermia on immune lysis of tumor cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 1976 Aug;36(8):2733–2739. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • HELMSWORTH JA, STILES WJ, ELSTUN W. Leukopenic and thrombocytopenic effect of hypothermia in dogs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1955 Nov;90(2):474–476. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • HELMSWORTH JA, STILES WJ, ELSTUN W. Changes in blood cellular elements in dogs during hypothermia. Surgery. 1955 Nov;38(5):843–846. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hinks ET, Daneo-Moore L, Braverman S. Temperature effects on minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of cell wall antibiotics in Streptococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Aug;12(2):281–283. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hirsch RL, Jeffries BD, Gray I. Temperature effects on lymphocyte transformation invitro. Immunol Commun. 1977;6(1):63–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • IPSEN J., Jr The effect of environmental temperature on the immune response of mice to tetanus toxoid. J Immunol. 1952 Sep;69(3):273–283. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Johnson HA, Pavelec M. Thermal enhancement of thio-TEPA cytotoxicity. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 Apr;50(4):903–908. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kase K, Hahn GM. Differential heat response of normal and transformed human cells in tissue culture. Nature. 1975 May 15;255(5505):228–230. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kay MM, Makinodan T. Immunobiology of aging: evaluation of current status. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1976 Nov;6(3):394–413. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Keusch GT. Infection and cell metabolism. Mt Sinai J Med. 1976 Jan-Feb;43(1):15–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Keusch GT. Fever. To be or not to be. N Y State J Med. 1976 Nov;76(12):1998–2001. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Klastersky J, Kass EH. Is suppression of fever or hypothermia useful in experimental and clinical infectious diseases? J Infect Dis. 1970 Jan;121(1):81–86. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • KLIGMAN AM, WEIDMAN FD. Experimental studies on treatment of human torulosis. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1949 Nov;60(5 Pt 1):726–741. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kluger MJ. The evolution and adaptive value of fever. Am Sci. 1978 Jan-Feb;66(1):38–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kluger MJ. Fever vs. hyperthermia. N Engl J Med. 1978 Sep 7;299(10):555–555. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kluger MJ, Ringler DH, Anver MR. Fever and survival. Science. 1975 Apr 11;188(4184):166–168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leith JT, Miller RC, Gerner EW, Boone ML. Hyperthermic potentiation: biological aspects and applications to radiation therapy. Cancer. 1977 Feb;39(2 Suppl):766–779. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • LeVeen HH, Wapnick S, Piccone V, Falk G, Ahmed Nafis Tumor eradication by radiofrequency therapy. Responses in 21 patients. JAMA. 1976 May 17;235(20):2198–2200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Li GC, Kal HB. Effect of hyperthermia on the radiation response of two mammalian cell lines. Eur J Cancer. 1977 Jan;13(1):65–69. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Liburdy RP. Radiofrequency radiation alters the immune system: modulation of T- and B-lymphocyte levels and cell-mediated immunocompetence by hyperthermic radiation. Radiat Res. 1979 Jan;77(1):34–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Liu RK, Walford RL. The effect of lowered body temperature on lifespan and immune and non-immune processes. Gerontologia. 1972;18(5-6):363–388. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Luce JK. Chemotherapy of malignant melanoma. Cancer. 1972 Dec;30(6):1604–1615. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lücke-Huhle C, Dertinger H. Kinetic response of an in vitro "tumour-model" (V 79 spheroids) to 42 degrees C hyperthermia. Eur J Cancer. 1977 Jan;13(1):23–28. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • LWOFF A. Factors influencing the evolution of viral diseases at the cellular level and in the organism. Bacteriol Rev. 1959 Sep;23(3):109–124. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • MacDonald HR. Effect of hyperthermia on the functional activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977 Oct;59(4):1263–1268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mackay IR. Ageing and immunological function in man. Gerontologia. 1972;18(5-6):285–304. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Makinodan T. Immunobiology of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1976 Jun;24(6):249–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Makinodan T, Perkins EH, Chen MG. Immunologicc activity of the aged. Adv Gerontol Res. 1971;3:171–198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Mandell GL. Effect of temperature on phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Infect Immun. 1975 Jul;12(1):221–223. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Markley K, Smallman E, Thornton SW, Evans G. The effect of environmental temperature and fluid therapy on mortality and metabolism of mice after burn and tourniquet trauma. J Trauma. 1973 Feb;13(2):145–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Merigan TC. Host defenses against viral disease. N Engl J Med. 1974 Feb 7;290(6):323–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Miller RC, Connor WG, Heusinkveld RS, Boone ML. Prospects for hyperthermia in human cancer therapy. Part I: hyperthermic effects in man and spontaneous animal tumors. Radiology. 1977 May;123(2):489–495. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Miraglia GJ, Berry LJ. ENHANCEMENT OF SALMONELLOSIS AND EMERGENCE OF SECONDARY INFECTION IN MICE EXPOSED TO COLD. J Bacteriol. 1962 Dec;84(6):1173–1180. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Miraglia GJ, Berry LJ. POSSIBLE SOURCE OF SECONDARY INVADING STAPHYLOCOCCI IN MICE EXPOSED TO ACUTE COLD. J Bacteriol. 1963 Feb;85(2):345–348. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Molavi A, Weinstein L. Persistent perplexing pyrexia: some comments on etiology and diagnosis. Med Clin North Am. 1970 Mar;54(2):379–396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Muckle DS, Dickson JA. The selective inhibitory effect of hyperthermia on the metabolism and growth of malignant cells. Br J Cancer. 1971 Dec;25(4):771–778. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Nahas GG, Tannieres ML, Lennon JF. Direct measurement of leukocyte motility: effects of pH and temperature. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1971 Oct;138(1):350–352. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Nordlund JJ, Root RK, Wolff SM. Studies on the origin of human leukocytic pyrogen. J Exp Med. 1970 Apr 1;131(4):727–743. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Overgaard J. Effect of hyperthermia on malignant cells in vivo. A review and a hypothesis. Cancer. 1977 Jun;39(6):2637–2646. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Overgaard K, Overgaard J. Investigations on the possibility of a thermic tumour therapy. I. Short-wave treatment of a transplanted isologous mouse mammary carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 1972 Feb;8(1):65–78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Overgaard K, Overgaard J. Investigation on the possibility of a thermic tumour therapy. II. Action of combined heat-roentgen treatment on a transplanted mouse mammary carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 1972 Oct;8(5):573–575. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Palzer RJ, Heidelberger C. Studies on the quantitative biology of hyperthermic killing of HeLa cells. Cancer Res. 1973 Feb;33(2):415–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pennington JE, Dale DC, Reynolds HY, MacLowry JD. Gentamicin sulfate pharmacokinetics: lower levels of gentamicin in blood during fever. J Infect Dis. 1975 Sep;132(3):270–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • PETERSDORF RG, BEESON PB. Fever of unexplained origin: report on 100 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1961 Feb;40:1–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Peterson PK, Verhoef J, Quie PG. Influence of temperature on opsonization and phagocytosis of staphylococci. Infect Immun. 1977 Jan;15(1):175–179. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Peterson PK, Verhoef J, Sabath LD, Quie PG. Extracellular and bacterial factors influencing staphylococcal phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infect Immun. 1976 Aug;14(2):496–501. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pettigrew RT, Galt JM, Ludgate CM, Smith AN. Clinical effects of whole-body hyperthermia in adnanced malignancy. Br Med J. 1974 Dec 21;4(5946):679–682. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pizzo PA, Lovejoy FH, Jr, Smith DH. Prolonged fever in children: review of 100 cases. Pediatrics. 1975 Apr;55(4):468–473. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Postic B, DeAngelis C, Breinig MK, Monto HO. Effect of temperature on the induction of interferons by endotoxin and virus. J Bacteriol. 1966 Mar;91(3):1277–1281. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • PREVITE JJ, BERRY LJ. The effect of environmental temperature on the host-parasite relationship in mice. J Infect Dis. 1962 May-Jun;110:201–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Redmann K, Burmeister J, Jenssen HL. The influence of hyperthermia on the transmembrane potential, zeta-potential and metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Acta Biol Med Ger. 1974;33(2):187–196. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • REEVES MM, LEWIS FJ. Total body cooling in critically ill febrile patients. Surgery. 1958 Jul;44(1):84–90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Reynolds DW. Perinatal infection: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Postgrad Med. 1976 Jul;60(7):101–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Roberts NJ, Jr, Sandberg K. Hyperthermia and human leukocyte function. II. Enhanced production of and response to leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF). J Immunol. 1979 May;122(5):1990–1993. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Roberts NJ, Jr, Steigbigel RT. Hyperthermia and human leukocyte functions: effects on response of lymphocytes to mitogen and antigen and bactericidal capacity of monocytes and neutrophils. Infect Immun. 1977 Dec;18(3):673–679. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Roberts NJ, Jr, Steigbigel RT. Effect of in vitro virus infection on response of human monocytes and lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation. J Immunol. 1978 Sep;121(3):1052–1058. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • RUIZ-GOMEZ J, ISAACS A. Optimal temperature for growth and sensitivity to interferon among different viruses. Virology. 1963 Jan;19:1–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • RUIZ-GOMEZ J, ISAACS A. Interferon production by different viruses. Virology. 1963 Jan;19:8–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Geme JW., Jr Perinatal and neonatal infections. West J Med. 1975 May;122(5):359–366. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Schechter M, Stowe SM, Moroson H. Effects of hyperthermia on primary and metastatic tumor growth and host immune response in rats. Cancer Res. 1978 Mar;38(3):498–502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • SCHMIDT JR, RASMUSSEN AF., Jr The influence of environmental temperature on the course of experimental herpes simplex infection. J Infect Dis. 1960 Nov-Dec;107:356–360. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Schrek R. Sensitivity of normal and leukemic lymphocytes and leukemic myeloblasts to heat. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966 Nov;37(5):649–654. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • SCOTT TF, TOKUMARU T. HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS (VIRUS OF HERPES SIMPLEX). Bacteriol Rev. 1964 Dec;28:458–471. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sebag J, Reed WP, Williams RC., Jr Effect of temperature on bacterial killing by serum and by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infect Immun. 1977 Jun;16(3):947–954. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Shaffer MF, Enders JF, Wilson J. THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL FEVER AND SPECIFIC ANTISERUM ON THE ORGANISMS PRESENT IN CASES OF TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS MENINGITIS. J Clin Invest. 1938 Mar;17(2):133–145. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Shimizu M, Shimizu Y, Kodama Y. Effects of ambient temperatures on induction of transmissible gastroenteritis in feeder pigs. Infect Immun. 1978 Sep;21(3):747–752. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Schulman N, Hall EJ. Hyperthermia: its effect on proliferative and plateau phase cell cultures. Radiology. 1974 Oct;113(1):209–211. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Siber GR, Echeverria P, Smith AL, Paisley JW, Smith DH. Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in children and adults. J Infect Dis. 1975 Dec;132(6):637–651. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • SILVER RT. INFECTIONS, FEVER AND HOST RESISTANCE IN NEOPLASTIC DISEASES. J Chronic Dis. 1963 Jul;16:677–701. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Smith JB, Knowlton RP, Agarwal SS. Human lymphocyte responses are enhanced by culture at 40 degrees C. J Immunol. 1978 Aug;121(2):691–694. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Smith MJ, Hoth M, Davis K. Aspirin and lymphocyte transformation. Ann Intern Med. 1975 Oct;83(4):509–511. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sokal JE, Shimaoka K. Pyrogen in the urine of febrile patients with Hodgkin's disease. Nature. 1967 Sep 9;215(5106):1183–1185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stehlin JS., Jr Hyperthermic perfusion with chemotherapy for cancers of the extremities. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1969 Aug;129(2):305–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stehlin JS, Giovanella BC, de Ipolyi PD, Muenz LR, Anderson RF. Results of hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma of the extremities. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1975 Mar;140(3):339–348. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stern RC. Pathophysiologic basis for symptomatic treatment of fever. Pediatrics. 1977 Jan;59(1):92–98. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stiehm ER. Fetal defense mechanisms. Am J Dis Child. 1975 Apr;129(4):438–443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stodolnik-Barańska W. Lymphoblastoid transformation of lymphocytes in vitro after microwave irradiation. Nature. 1967 Apr 1;214(5083):102–103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stolwijk JA. Responses to the thermal environment. Fed Proc. 1977 Apr;36(5):1655–1658. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • St Szmigielski, Janiak M, Hryniewicz W, Jeljaszewicz J, Pulverer G. Local microwave hyperthermia (43 degrees C) and stimulation of the macrophage and T-lymphocyte systems in treatment of Guerin epithelioma in rats. Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1978 Jan 26;91(1):35–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Szmigielski S, Luczak M, Janiak M, Kobus M, Laskowska B, de Clercq E, de Somer P. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of virus multiplicaton by microwave hyperthemia. Arch Virol. 1977;53(1-2):71–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Vaughn LK, Bernheim HA, Kluger MJ. Fever in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Nature. 1974 Dec 6;252(5483):473–474. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • VILLALOBOS TJ, ADELSON E, BARILA TG. Hematologic changes in hypothermic dogs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1955 Jun;89(2):192–196. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • VILLALOBOS TJ, ADELSON E, RILEY PA, Jr, CROSBY WH. A cause of the thrombocytopenia and leukopenia that occur in dogs during deep hypothermia. J Clin Invest. 1958 Jan;37(1):1–7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • WALKER DL, BORING WD. Factors influencing host-virus interactions. III. Further studies on the alteration of Coxsackie virus infection in adult mice by environmental temperature. J Immunol. 1958 Jan;80(1):39–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • WEBB WR, DEGUZMAN VC, GROGAN JB, ARTZ CP. Hypothermia: its effects upon hematologic clearance in experimentally induced staphylococcal bacteremia. Surgery. 1962 Oct;52:643–647. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Weinberg ED. Iron and infection. Microbiol Rev. 1978 Mar;42(1):45–66. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Weinstein MP, Iannini PB, Stratton CW, Eickhoff TC. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A review of 28 cases with emphasis on improved survival and factors influencing prognosis. Am J Med. 1978 Apr;64(4):592–598. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Westra A, Dewey WC. Variation in sensitivity to heat shock during the cell-cycle of Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1971;19(5):467–477. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • White HJ, Parker JM. The Bactericidal Effect of Sulfanilamide upon Beta Hemolytic Streptococci in Vitro. J Bacteriol. 1938 Nov;36(5):481–498. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Ahmed A, Sell KW, Czerski P, Leach WM. Microwaves induce an increase in the frequency of complement receptor-bearing lymphoid spleen cells in mice. J Immunol. 1977 Apr;118(4):1499–1502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wing EJ, Remington JS. Cell-mediated immunity and its role in resistance to infection. West J Med. 1977 Jan;126(1):14–31. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Yerushalmi A. Cure of a solid tumor by simultaneous administration of microwaves and x-ray irradiation. Radiat Res. 1975 Dec;64(3):602–610. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Yerushalmi A. Treatment of a solid tumor by local simultaneous hyperthermia and ionizing radiation: Dependence on temperature and dose. Eur J Cancer. 1976 Oct;12(10):807–813. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Zanger B, Dorsey HN. Fever--a manifestation of preleukemia. JAMA. 1976 Sep 13;236(11):1266–1268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Articles from Microbiological Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
-