Arabidopsis Deficient in Cutin Ferulate encodes a transferase required for feruloylation of ω-hydroxy fatty acids in cutin polyester
- PMID: 22158675
- PMCID: PMC3271757
- DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.187187
Arabidopsis Deficient in Cutin Ferulate encodes a transferase required for feruloylation of ω-hydroxy fatty acids in cutin polyester
Abstract
The cuticle is a complex aliphatic polymeric layer connected to the cell wall and covers surfaces of all aerial plant organs. The cuticle prevents nonstomatal water loss, regulates gas exchange, and acts as a barrier against pathogen infection. The cuticle is synthesized by epidermal cells and predominantly consists of an aliphatic polymer matrix (cutin) and intracuticular and epicuticular waxes. Cutin monomers are primarily C(16) and C(18) unsubstituted, ω-hydroxy, and α,ω-dicarboxylic fatty acids. Phenolics such as ferulate and p-coumarate esters also contribute to a minor extent to the cutin polymer. Here, we present the characterization of a novel acyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent acyl-transferase that is encoded by a gene designated Deficient in Cutin Ferulate (DCF). The DCF protein is responsible for the feruloylation of ω-hydroxy fatty acids incorporated into the cutin polymer of aerial Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) organs. The enzyme specifically transfers hydroxycinnamic acids using ω-hydroxy fatty acids as acyl acceptors and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs, preferentially feruloyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA, as acyl donors in vitro. Arabidopsis mutant lines carrying DCF loss-of-function alleles are devoid of rosette leaf cutin ferulate and exhibit a 50% reduction in ferulic acid content in stem insoluble residues. DCF is specifically expressed in the epidermis throughout all green Arabidopsis organs. The DCF protein localizes to the cytosol, suggesting that the feruloylation of cutin monomers takes place in the cytoplasm.
Figures
![Figure 1.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3271757/bin/PP_187187_gs_f1.gif)
![Figure 2.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3271757/bin/PP_187187_gs_f2.gif)
![Figure 3.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3271757/bin/PP_187187_gs_f3.gif)
![Figure 4.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3271757/bin/PP_187187_wc_f4.gif)
![Figure 5.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3271757/bin/PP_187187_wc_f5.gif)
![Figure 6.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3271757/bin/PP_187187_gs_f6.gif)
Similar articles
-
Extracellular lipids of Camelina sativa: Characterization of cutin and suberin reveals typical polyester monomers and unusual dicarboxylic fatty acids.Phytochemistry. 2021 Apr;184:112665. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112665. Epub 2021 Jan 29. Phytochemistry. 2021. PMID: 33524853
-
Assembly of the Cutin Polyester: From Cells to Extracellular Cell Walls.Plants (Basel). 2017 Nov 18;6(4):57. doi: 10.3390/plants6040057. Plants (Basel). 2017. PMID: 29156572 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Functional Characterization of a Hydroxyacid/Alcohol Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase Produced by the Liverwort Marchantia emarginata.Molecules. 2017 Oct 31;22(11):1854. doi: 10.3390/molecules22111854. Molecules. 2017. PMID: 29088080 Free PMC article.
-
The Plant Polyester Cutin: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Biological Roles.Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2016 Apr 29;67:207-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111929. Epub 2016 Feb 8. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2016. PMID: 26865339 Review.
-
Arabidopsis CER8 encodes LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE 1 (LACS1) that has overlapping functions with LACS2 in plant wax and cutin synthesis.Plant J. 2009 Aug;59(4):553-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03892.x. Epub 2009 Apr 11. Plant J. 2009. PMID: 19392700
Cited by
-
Two genes encoding caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase 1 (CCoAOMT1) are candidate genes for physical seed dormancy in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.).Theor Appl Genet. 2024 Jun 4;137(7):146. doi: 10.1007/s00122-024-04653-6. Theor Appl Genet. 2024. PMID: 38834825
-
Systematic identification and expression profiles of the BAHD superfamily acyltransferases in barley (Hordeum vulgare).Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 24;12(1):5063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08983-7. Sci Rep. 2022. PMID: 35332203 Free PMC article.
-
Identification and characterization of a set of monocot BAHD monolignol transferases.Plant Physiol. 2022 May 3;189(1):37-48. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac035. Plant Physiol. 2022. PMID: 35134228 Free PMC article.
-
Trafficking Processes and Secretion Pathways Underlying the Formation of Plant Cuticles.Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jan 5;12:786874. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786874. eCollection 2021. Front Plant Sci. 2022. PMID: 35069645 Free PMC article.
-
The Complex Architecture of Plant Cuticles and Its Relation to Multiple Biological Functions.Front Plant Sci. 2021 Dec 10;12:782773. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.782773. eCollection 2021. Front Plant Sci. 2021. PMID: 34956280 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Alonso JM, Stepanova AN, Leisse TJ, Kim CJ, Chen H, Shinn P, Stevenson DK, Zimmerman J, Barajas P, Cheuk R, et al. (2003) Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 301: 653–657 - PubMed
-
- Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403–410 - PubMed
-
- Baker EA, Martin JT. (1963) Cutin of plant cuticles. Nature 199: 1268–1270
-
- Bradford MM. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254 - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases