Gastrointestinal coronavirus disease 2019: epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, prevention, and management
- PMID: 32955375
- DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1821653
Gastrointestinal coronavirus disease 2019: epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, prevention, and management
Abstract
Introduction: The new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019. Some authors reported pieces of evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection could have direct involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, and in symptomatic cases, gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain) could be very common.
Area covered: In this article, we reviewed current-published data of the gastrointestinal aspects involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including prevalence and incidence of specific symptoms, the presumptive biological mechanism of GI infection, prognosis, clinical management, and public health-related concerns on the possible risk of oral-fecal transmission.
Expert opinion: Different clues point to direct virus infection and replication in mucosal cells of the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 could enter into the gastrointestinal epithelial cells by the Angiotensin-Converting enzyme two membrane receptor. These findings, coupled with the identification of viral RNA found in stools of patients, clearly suggest that direct involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is very likely. This can justify most of the gastrointestinal symptoms but also suggest a risk for an oral-fecal route for transmission, additionally or alternatively to the main respiratory route.
Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; fecal-oral transmission; gastrointestinal involvement; management.
Similar articles
-
Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges.Acta Med Indones. 2021 Jan;53(1):96-104. Acta Med Indones. 2021. PMID: 33818412 Review.
-
COVID-19 extrapulmonary illness - special gastrointestinal and hepatic considerations.Dis Mon. 2020 Sep;66(9):101064. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101064. Epub 2020 Jul 28. Dis Mon. 2020. PMID: 32807535 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Viral Shedding in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jun 1;3(6):e2011335. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11335. JAMA Netw Open. 2020. PMID: 32525549 Free PMC article.
-
Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19: A comprehensive review.World J Gastroenterol. 2020 May 21;26(19):2323-2332. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2323. World J Gastroenterol. 2020. PMID: 32476796 Free PMC article.
-
Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020 May;51(9):843-851. doi: 10.1111/apt.15731. Epub 2020 Mar 31. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020. PMID: 32222988 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Multi-organ system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A mega review.J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Sep;11(9):5014-5023. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1570_21. Epub 2022 Oct 14. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022. PMID: 36505634 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in sludge samples: A systematic review.Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 10;859(Pt 1):160012. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160012. Epub 2022 Nov 9. Sci Total Environ. 2023. PMID: 36368397 Free PMC article. Review.
-
COVID-19 free pathways decrease postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.Surg Pract Sci. 2022 Dec;11:100125. doi: 10.1016/j.sipas.2022.100125. Epub 2022 Sep 1. Surg Pract Sci. 2022. PMID: 36185398 Free PMC article.
-
COVID-19: Current Status in Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Diseases-A Concise Review.Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 16;7(8):187. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080187. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022. PMID: 36006279 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The COVID-19 pandemic - what have urologists learned?Nat Rev Urol. 2022 Jun;19(6):344-356. doi: 10.1038/s41585-022-00586-1. Epub 2022 Apr 13. Nat Rev Urol. 2022. PMID: 35418709 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous