Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Mar;21(3):244.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.9675. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

COVID-19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)

Konstantinos Tsamakis  1   2 , Dimitrios Tsiptsios  3 , Andreas Ouranidis  4 , Christoph Mueller  2 , Dimitrios Schizas  5 , Christos Terniotis  6 , Nikolaos Nikolakakis  1 , Georgios Tyros  7 , Stylianos Kympouropoulos  1 , Andreas Lazaris  8 , Demetrios A Spandidos  9 , Nikolaos Smyrnis  1 , Emmanouil Rizos  1
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)

Konstantinos Tsamakis et al. Exp Ther Med. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

As one year is approaching since the beginning of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to acknowledge the detrimental effect that it is having on mental health at the individual, societal and public health levels. The current review presents the direct and indirect psychological impact of COVID-19 on the general public, as well as on vulnerable groups, including the elderly, the young, healthcare professionals, people with pre-existing mental health issues, those infected by COVID-19, homeless people and refugees. Important findings are discussed in the present review, including the social stigma in older people associated with portraying COVID-19 as the disease of the elderly, and the limited psychological impact of COVID-19 in the severely mentally ill, alongside the response of the mental healthcare systems globally to this unparalleled public health crisis. The important lessons to be learnt so far can help formulate individual mental health recommendations, as well as improved intervention and prevention public health strategies.

Keywords: COVID-19; consequences; mental health; pandemic; psychological impact; vulnerable.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
COVID-19 recovery framework, perspectives and recommended actions. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. World Health Organisation (WHO): WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus.... Accessed March 12, 2020.
    1. Docea AO, Tsatsakis A, Albulescu D, Cristea O, Zlatian O, Vinceti M, Moschos SA, Tsoukalas D, Goumenou M, Drakoulis N, et al. A new threat from an old enemy: Re-emergence of coronavirus (Review) Int J Mol Med. 2020;45:1631–1643. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4555. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak TA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, Zandi MS, Lewis G, David AS. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:611–627. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:34–39. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Holmes EA, O'Connor RC, Perry VH, Tracey I, Wessely S, Arseneault L, Ballard C, Christensen H, Cohen Silver R, Everall I, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:547–560. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-