The Effects of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide on Physiological Adaption and Exercise Performance Improvement
- PMID: 29966293
- PMCID: PMC6073388
- DOI: 10.3390/nu10070851
The Effects of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide on Physiological Adaption and Exercise Performance Improvement
Abstract
Thiamine, named as vitamin B1, is an important cofactor for the critical enzymes regarding to glucose metabolism, like transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) is a derivative of thiamine with higher bioavailability and solubility than thiamine and has been widely applied to health maintenance and disease therapy. Higher physical activities are associated with higher thiamine supplements for efficient energy metabolism. Furthermore, the effective dose of TTFD, beneficial to exercise physiological adaption and performance, still be further validated and the safety evaluation were also an important issue to be considered for potential application. ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) strain mice were allocated as 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg dose groups and administrated by oral gavage consecutively for 6 weeks. Physical activities including grip strength and aerobic endurance were measured. Various fatigue-associated biochemical variables such as lactate, glucose, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) or creatine kinase (CK), were also assessed. The levels of liver and muscle glycogen were measured as an indicator of energy storage at the end of the experiment. Toxicity assessments for long-term supplementation were also further evaluated for safety consideration. TTFD supplementation significantly increased the endurance and grip strength and demonstrated beneficial effects on lactate production and clearance rate after an acute exercise challenge. The TTFD supplementation significantly mitigated the BUN and CK indexes after extended exercise and elevated the glycogen content in the liver and muscle tissues. According to body composition, biochemical and histopathological data, daily administration of TTFD for over 6 weeks (subacute toxicity) also demonstrated reasonable safety results for long-term and adequate supplementation. The toxicity of TTFD were also considered as safety for long-term supplementation with indicated doses. Furthermore, the TTDF could be applied to not only the health promotion but also improvement of exercise physiological adaption and the TTFD could be further considered as potential ergogenic aids combined with different nutrient strategy.
Keywords: derivatives; fatigue; physiological adaption; safety; thiamine.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g001.gif)
![Figure 2](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g002.gif)
![Figure 3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g003.gif)
![Figure 4](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g004.gif)
![Figure 5](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g005.gif)
![Figure 6](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g006.gif)
![Figure 7](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g007.gif)
![Figure 8](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6073388/bin/nutrients-10-00851-g008.gif)
Similar articles
-
Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and ‘Essence of Chicken’ on Physical Fatigue Recovery and Exercise Performance Improvement.Chin J Physiol. 2018 Dec 31;61(6):372-383. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2018.BAH646. Chin J Physiol. 2018. PMID: 30580507
-
Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide improves energy metabolism and physical performance during physical-fatigue loading in rats.Nutr Res. 2009 Dec;29(12):867-72. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.007. Nutr Res. 2009. PMID: 19963160
-
The Effects of Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol from Antrodia camphorata on the Biochemical Profile and Exercise Performance of Mice.Molecules. 2019 Mar 28;24(7):1225. doi: 10.3390/molecules24071225. Molecules. 2019. PMID: 30925792 Free PMC article.
-
Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide: a little known therapeutic agent.Med Sci Monit. 2004 Sep;10(9):RA199-203. Epub 2004 Aug 20. Med Sci Monit. 2004. PMID: 15328496 Review.
-
Effects of protein in combination with carbohydrate supplements on acute or repeat endurance exercise performance: a systematic review.Sports Med. 2014 Apr;44(4):535-50. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0133-y. Sports Med. 2014. PMID: 24343835 Review.
Cited by
-
A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation in healthy humans, a randomized double-blind trial.Int J Med Sci. 2023 Aug 15;20(10):1272-1281. doi: 10.7150/ijms.86738. eCollection 2023. Int J Med Sci. 2023. PMID: 37786445 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Thiamine Demonstrates Bio-Preservative and Anti-Microbial Effects in Minced Beef Meat Storage and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.Animals (Basel). 2022 Jun 27;12(13):1646. doi: 10.3390/ani12131646. Animals (Basel). 2022. PMID: 35804544 Free PMC article.
-
Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5.Nutrients. 2022 Jan 22;14(3):484. doi: 10.3390/nu14030484. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 35276844 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Ergogenic Effects of Green Tea Combined with Isolated Soy Protein on Increasing Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Mice.Nutrients. 2021 Dec 18;13(12):4547. doi: 10.3390/nu13124547. Nutrients. 2021. PMID: 34960099 Free PMC article.
-
Effectiveness of human-origin Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 in improving muscle mass, exercise performance and anti-fatigue.Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 30;11(1):19469. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98958-x. Sci Rep. 2021. PMID: 34593921 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Ortega-Cuellar D., Velazquez-Arellano A. Thiamine Deprivation Produces a Liver ATP Deficit and Metabolic and Genomic Effects in Mice: Findings Are Parallel to Those of Biotin Deficiency and Have Implications for Energy Disorders. J. Nutrigenet. Nutrigenom. 2016;9:287–299. doi: 10.1159/000456663. - DOI - PubMed
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Research Materials