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The Genomes of Endophytic Bacteria

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Endophytes of Forest Trees

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 80))

Abstract

Genome sequencing and comparative genomics has had major impact on our understanding of the genetic potential, ecology, and evolution of microorganisms. Analysis of a dozen bacterial endophyte genomes have recently contributed insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable bacterial exploration of the plant interior, including genes for motility, colonization and synergistic interactions with the host. Known host-interaction systems include type IV pili, flagella, diverse dedicated secretion systems, genes for phytohormone synthesis and inhibition, bacterial volatiles, and antimicrobials. Different endophytes use different sets of known host interaction systems, suggesting that there are multiple strategies to colonize and persist within plants, and that there are different ways in which endophytes can interact with their host. The majority of host-interaction systems are shared with other bacteria, including plant- and animal pathogens. Functional exploration of the large sets of endophyte genes encoding hypothetical proteins (especially those shared with other phytobacteria) promises to further elucidate bacterial adaptation to life in plant tissue, especially in regards to plant colonization, defense evasion and plant growth promotion.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

GI:

genomic islands

MGEs:

mobile genetic elements

IS:

insertion sequence

TAM:

tryptamine pathway

IAN:

indole-3-acetonitrile pathway

ISR:

induced systemic resistance

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyrate

IAM:

indole-3-acetamide pathway

IPA:

Indole-3-pyruvate pathway

TSO:

the tryptophan side-chain oxidase pathway

IAA:

indole acetic acid

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by UC Merced startup funds.

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  1. School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA

    A. Carolin Frank

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Correspondence to A. Carolin Frank .

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  1. , Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa Biologintie A6, Oulu, 90570, Finland

    Anna Maria Pirttilä

  2. , School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, North Lake Road 5200, Merced, 95343, California, USA

    A. Carolin Frank

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Frank, A.C. (2011). The Genomes of Endophytic Bacteria. In: Pirttilä, A., Frank, A. (eds) Endophytes of Forest Trees. Forestry Sciences, vol 80. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1599-8_7

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