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Comparative Analysis of Endogenous Hormones in Leaves and Roots of Two Contrasting Malus Species in Response to Hypoxia Stress

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Abstract

Plant hormones play important roles in regulating developmental processes and signaling networks involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We comparatively studied the growth and endogenous hormonal levels in leaves and roots in two Malus species (M. sieversii and M. hupehensis) differing in hypoxia tolerance under normoxic and hypoxia stress. The results showed that hypoxia stress inhibited growth of seedlings of both Malus species, but with significant differences in intensity. Exposure to hypoxia altered the levels of endogenous hormones in leaves and roots in both Malus seedlings. Leaf and root abscisic acid (ABA) contents increased in response to hypoxia stress in both genotypes despite different extents. Compared with M. hupehensis, M. sieversii was more responsive to hypoxia stress, resulting in larger increases in leaf and root ABA contents. The changes in leaf and root ABA contents correlating with the different tolerance levels of the genotypes confirm the involvement of this hormone in plant responses to hypoxia stress. Gibberellins (GAs; GA1 + GA4) continuously increased in leaves and roots during the whole period of stress, whereas indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) showed a sharp increase at the early stage in both Malus seedlings. In addition, zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), and isopentenyl adenine (IPA) differed in their pattern of changes in both Malus seedlings under hypoxia stress. Based on variations in endogenous hormonal levels in both Malus species that differ in their ability to tolerate hypoxia, we conclude that not a single hormone but multiple hormones and their interplay are responsible for hypoxia tolerance.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Agriculture Ministry of China (2006-G28), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation-funded project (20060390310), and the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in China. We thank Dr. Kenong Xu for providing advice and critical reading of the manuscript and Mr. Xuanchang Fu for his technical assistance in growing and management of the plant materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Tuanhui Bai, Rong Yin, Cuiying Li, Fengwang Ma, Zhiyong Yue & Huairui Shu

  2. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China

    Huairui Shu

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  1. Tuanhui Bai
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  2. Rong Yin
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  3. Cuiying Li
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  4. Fengwang Ma
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  5. Zhiyong Yue
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  6. Huairui Shu
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Correspondence to Fengwang Ma.

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Bai, T., Yin, R., Li, C. et al. Comparative Analysis of Endogenous Hormones in Leaves and Roots of Two Contrasting Malus Species in Response to Hypoxia Stress. J Plant Growth Regul 30, 119–127 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-010-9173-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-010-9173-9

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