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Comparison of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) produced using 3 commercially available centrifuges at both high (~ 700 g) and low (~ 200 g) relative centrifugation forces

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Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has gained tremendous momentum in recent years as a natural autologous growth factor derived from blood capable of stimulating tissue regeneration. Owing to its widespread use, many companies have commercialized various centrifugation devices with various proposed protocols. The aim of the present study was to compare 3 different commercially available centrifuges at both high and low g-force protocols.

Materials and methods

PRF was produced on three commercially available centrifuges including the IntraSpin Device (IntraLock), the Duo Quattro (Process for PRF), and Salvin (Salvin Dental). Two separate protocols were tested on each machine including the original leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) protocol (~ 700 RCF max (~ 400 RCF clot) for 12 min) as well as the advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF+) protocol (~ 200 g RCF max (~ 130 g RCF clot) for 8 min). Each of the tested groups was compared for cell numbers, growth factor release, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological differences, and clot size (both weight and length/width).

Results

The present study found that PRF clots produced utilizing the low-speed centrifugation speeds (~ 200 g for 8 min) produce clots that (1) contained a higher concentration of evenly distributed platelets, (2) secreted higher concentrations of growth factors over a 10 day period, and (3) were smaller in size. This was irrespective of the centrifugation device utilized and consistently observed on all 3 devices. The greatest impact was found between the protocols utilized (up to a 200%). Interestingly, it was further revealed that the centrifugation tubes used had a much greater impact on the final size outcome of PRF clots when compared to centrifugation devices. It was found that, in general, the Process for PRF tubes produced significantly greater-sized clots when compared to other commercially available tubes. The Salvin Dental tubes also produced significantly greater PRF clots when compared to the IntraLock tubes on each of the tested centrifugation devices.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated the reproducibility of a scientific concept (reduction in RCF produces PRF clots with more evenly distributed cells and growth factors) utilizing different devices. Furthermore, (and until now overlooked), it was revealed for the first time that the centrifugation tubes are central to the quality production of PRF. Future research investigating tube characteristics thus becomes critically important for the future optimization of PRF.

Clinical relevance

This is the first study to reveal the marked impact of centrifugation tubes on the final production of PRF. Future study thus becomes markedly important to further optimize the quality of PRF-based matrices. It was further found that little variability existed between the centrifugation devices if optimized centrifugation protocols (lower centrifugation speeds) were utilized.

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Funding

This work was supported by the funds of the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1105300 to Yufeng Zhang).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Richard J. Miron and Hudi Xu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Richard J. Miron, Hudi Xu, Jihua Chai, Jiaolong Wang, Shihang Zheng, Mengge Feng, Xiaoxin Zhang, Yan Wei, Yan Chen & Yufeng Zhang

  2. Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Richard J. Miron & Anton Sculean

  3. Department of Oral Surgery, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão

  4. Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China

    Yufeng Zhang

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  1. Richard J. Miron
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Correspondence to Richard J. Miron or Yufeng Zhang.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

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No ethical approval was required for this study, as human samples were not identified.

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For this study, informed consent was provided prior to blood draw to conduct the outlined experiments.

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Miron, R.J., Xu, H., Chai, J. et al. Comparison of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) produced using 3 commercially available centrifuges at both high (~ 700 g) and low (~ 200 g) relative centrifugation forces. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1171–1182 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02981-2

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