Search
Close
Search
Advanced Search
Search Menu

Abstract

‘CH-19 Sweet’ is a non-pungent red pepper and enhances the energy expenditure in humans in like manner to the pungent red pepper. We investigated in this study the effects of a repeated intake of CH-19 Sweet for two weeks on the body weight and body fat in humans. Changes in the autonomic nervous activity after ingesting CH-19 Sweet were also measured by a power spectral analysis. We established a new protocol which allows the precise detection of weight change in humans by using fewer subjects. These methods were used to show that the repeated intake of CH-19 Sweet reduced the body weight and suppressed body fat accumulation. Furthermore, the body weight loss due to the repeated intake of CH-19 Sweet was significantly correlated with the sympathetic nervous response after its ingestion. We propose that the repeated intake of CH-19 Sweet reduced the body weight and suppressed body fat accumulation by sympathetic nervous activation in humans.

CH-19 Sweet, capsiate, sympathetic nervous activity, weight loss, human

1) Matsuzawa, Y., White adipose tissue and cardiovascular disease. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 19, 637–647 (2005).

2) Watanabe, T., Kawada, T., Kurosawa, M., Sato, A., and Iwai, K., Adrenal sympathetic efferent nerve and catecholamine secretion excitation caused by capsaicin in rats. Am. J. Physiol., 255, E23–27 (1988).

3) Kawada, T., Watanabe, T., Takaishi, T., Tanaka, T., and Iwai, K., Capsaicin-induced beta-adrenergic action on energy metabolism in rats: influence of capsaicin on oxygen consumption, the respiratory quotient, and substrate utilization. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 183, 250–256 (1986).

4) Kawada, T., Sakabe, S., Aoki, N., Watanabe, T., Higeta, K., Iwai, K., and Sugimoto, E., Intake of Sweeteners and pungent ingredients increases the thermogenin content in brown adipose tissue of rat. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 651–654 (1991).

5) Watanabe, T., Kawada, T., Yamamoto, M., and Iwai, K., Capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, evokes catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla of anesthetized rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 142, 259–264 (1987).

6) Kobayashi, A., Osaka, T., Namba, Y., Inoue, S., Lee, T. H., and Kimura, S., Capsaicin activates heat loss and heat production simultaneously and independently in rats. Am. J. Physiol., 275, R92–98 (1998).

7) Yazawa, S., Suetome, N., Okamoto, K., and Namiki, T., Content of capsaicinoids and capsaicinoid-like substances in fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrids made with CH-19 Sweet as a parent. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. (in Japanese), 58, 601–607 (1989).

8) Kobata, K., Todo, T., Yazawa, S., Iwai, K., and Watanabe, T., Novel capsaicinoid-like substances, capsiate and dihydrocapsiate, from the fruits of a nonpungent cultivar, CH-19 Sweet, of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 1695–1697 (1998).

9) Ohnuki, K., Haramizu, S., Oki, K., Watanabe, T., Yazawa, S., and Fushiki, T., Administration of capsiate, a non-pungent capsaicin analog, promotes energy metabolism and suppresses body fat accumulation in mice. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 65, 2735–2740 (2001).

10) Ohnuki, K., Haramizu, S., Watanabe, T., Yazawa, S., and Fushiki, T., CH-19 Sweet, nonpungent cultivar of red pepper, increased body temperature in mice with vanilloid receptors stimulation by capsiate. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 47, 295–298 (2001).

11) Masuda, Y., Haramizu, S., Oki, K., Ohnuki, K., Watanabe, T., Yazawa, S., Kawada, T., Hashizume, S., and Fushiki, T., Upregulation of uncoupling proteins by oral administration of capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog. J. Appl. Physiol., 95, 2408–2415 (2003).

12) Ohnuki, K., Niwa, S., Maeda, S., Inoue, N., Yazawa, S., and Fushiki, T., CH-19 Sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, increased body temperature and oxygen consumption in humans. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 65, 2033–2036 (2001).

13) The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan., Recommended Dietary Allowances for the Japanese, 6th Revision (in Japanese), Dai-ichi Shuppan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo (1999).

14) Maeda, S., Yoneda, H., Hosokawa, M., Hayashi, T., Watanabe, T., and Yazawa, S., Changes of novel capsaicinoid-like substance, capsinoid content and morphological changes of the placenta tissue during ‘CH-19 Sweet’ (Capsicum annum L.) fruit development, and the influence of fruit storage conditions on capsinoid content. Bulletin Exp. Farm Kyoto University (in Japanese), 15, 5–10 (2006).

15) McCrory, M. A., Gomez, T. D., Bernauer, E. M., and Mole, P. A., Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 27, 1686–1691 (1995).

16) Miyatake, N., Nonaka, K., and Fujii, M., A new air displacement plethysmograph for the determination of Japanese body composition. Diabetes Obes. Metab., 1, 347–351 (1999).

17) Tokunaga, K., Matsuzawa, Y., Ishikawa, K., and Tarui, S., A novel technique for the determination of body fat by computed tomography. Int. J. Obes., 7, 437–445 (1983).

18) Tokunaga, K., Matsuzawa, Y., and Fujioka, S., The determination of volume and distribution of body fat by the novel method using computed tomography. Fourth International Congress on Obesity, 6A (1983).

19) Moritani, T., Hayashi, T., Shinohara, M., Mimasa, F., and Shibata, M., Comparison of sympatho-vagal function among diabetic patients, normal controls and endurance athletes by heart rate spectral analysis. J. Sports Med. Sci., 7, 31–39 (1993).

20) Moritani, T., Hayashi, T., Shinohara, M., Mimasa, F., Masuda, I., and Nakao, K., Sympatho-vagal activities of NIDDM patients during exercise as determined by heart rate spectral analysis. In “Glucose Fluxes, Exercise and Diabetes,” eds. Kawamori, R., Vranic, M., Horton, E. S., and Kubota, M., Smith-Gordon, London, pp. 91–96 (1995).

21) Acheson, K. J., Zahorska-Markiewicz, B., Pittet, P., Anantharaman, K., and Jequier, E., Caffeine and coffee: their influence on metabolic rate and substrate utilization in normal weight and obese individuals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33, 989–997 (1980).

22) Dulloo, A. G., Geissler, C. A., Horton, T., Collins, A., and Miller, D. S., Normal caffeine consumption: influence on thermogenesis and daily energy expenditure in lean and post-obese human volunteers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 49, 44–50 (1989).

23) Acheson, K. J., Gremaud, G., Meirim, I., Montigon, F., Krebs, Y., Fay, L. B., Gay, L. J., Schneiter, P., Schindler, C., and Tappy, L., Metabolic effects of caffeine in humans: lipid oxidation or futile cycling? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 40–46 (2004).

24) Howarth, N. C., Saltzman, E., and Roberts, S. B., Dietary fiber and weight regulation. Nutr. Rev., 59, 129–139 (2001).

25) Doucet, E., and Tremblay, A., Food intake, energy balance and body weight control. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 51, 846–855 (1997).

26) Matsumoto, T., Miyawaki, C., Ue, H., Yuasa, T., Miyatsuji, A., and Moritani, T., Effects of capsaicin-containing yellow curry sauce on sympathetic nervous system activity and diet-induced thermogenesis in lean and obese young women. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 46, 309–315 (2000).

27) Matsumoto, T., Miyawaki, C., Ue, H., Kanda, T., Yoshitake, Y., and Moritani, T., Comparison of thermogenic sympathetic response to food intake between obese and non-obese young women. Obes. Res., 9, 78–85 (2001).

28) Haramizu, S., Mizunoya, W., Masuda, Y., Ohnuki, K., Watanabe, T., Yazawa, S., and Fushiki, T., Capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog, increases endurance swimming capacity of mice by stimulation of vanilloid receptors. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 70, 774–781 (2006).

29) Wajchenberg, B. L., Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr. Rev., 21, 697–738 (2000).

30) Caterina, M. J., Schumacher, M. A., Tominaga, M., Rosen, T. A., Levine, J. D., and Julius, D., The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 389, 816–824 (1997).

31) Montell, C., Birnbaumer, L., Flockerzi, V., Bindels, R. J., Bruford, E. A., Caterina, M. J., Clapham, D. E., Harteneck, C., Heller, S., Julius, D., Kojima, I., Mori, Y., Penner, R., Prawitt, D., Scharenberg, A. M., Schultz, G., Shimizu, N., and Zhu, M. X., A unified nomenclature for the superfamily of TRP cation channels. Mol. Cell, 9, 229–231 (2002).

32) Iida, T., Moriyama, T., Kobata, K., Morita, A., Murayama, N., Hashizume, S., Fushiki, T., Yazawa, S., Watanabe, T., and Tominaga, M., TRPV1 activation and induction of nociceptive response by a non-pungent capsaicin-like compound, capsiate. Neuropharmacology, 44, 958–967 (2003).

33) Yoshioka, M., Imanaga, M., Ueyama, H., Yamane, M., Kubo, Y., Boivin, A., St-Amand, J., Tanaka, H., and Kiyonaga, A., Maximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouth. Br. J. Nutr., 91, 991–995 (2004).

34) Watanabe, T., Kawada, T., Kato, T., Harada, T., and Iwai, K., Effects of capsaicin analogs on adrenal catecholamine secretion in rats. Life Sci., 54, 369–374 (1994).

35) Lejeune, M. P., Kovacs, E. M., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Effect of capsaicin on substrate oxidation and weight maintenance after modest body-weight loss in human subjects. Br. J. Nutr., 90, 651–659 (2003).

36) Belza, A., and Jessen, A. B., Bioactive food stimulants of sympathetic activity: effect on 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, 733–741 (2005).

37) Nagao, T., Komine, Y., Soga, S., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tanaka, Y., and Tokimitsu, I., Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81, 122–129 (2005).

38) St-Onge, M. P., Ross, R., Parsons, W. D., and Jones, P. J., Medium-chain triglycerides increase energy expenditure and decrease adiposity in overweight men. Obes. Res., 11, 395–402 (2003).

39) Kawada, T., Hagihara, K., and Iwai, K., Effects of capsaicin on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. J. Nutr., 116, 1272–1278 (1986).

PDF
This content is only available as a PDF.
© 2006 by Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
Issue Section:
research articles
Download all slides