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Coordinates: 20°00′12″N 110°21′14″E / 20.0032°N 110.3540°E / 20.0032; 110.3540
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{{Infobox settlement
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| pushpin_map = China Hainan
|population_total = 360000
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{{Infobox Chinese |title=Qiongshan|order=st
|s={{linktext|琼山}} |t={{linktext|瓊山}} |p=Qióngshān |l=[[Chinese jade|Jade]]{{nbsp}}Mountain |psp=Kiungshan |w=Ch‘iung-shan
}}
{{Infobox Chinese |title=Former names
|altname=Qiongzhou |s2={{linktext|琼州}} |t2={{linktext|瓊州}} |p2=Qióngzhōu |l2=[[Chinese jade|Jade]]{{nbsp}}[[zhou (administrative division)|Prefecture]] |psp2=Kiungchow |w2=Ch‘iung-chou
}}
}}


'''Qiongshan District''',<!--Chinese in infobox--> [[postal map romanization|alternately]] [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Kiungshan''', is one [[District (China)|district]] in [[Haikou City]], Hainan.
'''Qiongshan District''' ([[Chinese Postal Map Romanisation]]: '''Kiungshan'''; {{zh|s=琼山区|t=瓊山區|p=Qióngshān Qū}}; also [[Wade-Giles]]: Ch'iungshan), formerly '''Qiongzhou''' ([[Chinese Postal Map Romanisation]]: '''Kiungchow'''; {{zh|s=琼州|t=瓊州|p=Qióngzhōu}}), is one of the four [[County (People's Republic of China)|county-level]] [[District (China)|districts]] which make up the city of [[Haikou]], the capital of [[Hainan]] province of the [[People's Republic of China]].


==History==
The [[Qiongshan dialect]] of [[Lingao language|Lingao]] is spoken in Qiongshan.
As '''Qiongzhou''', formerly romanized as '''Kiungchow''',{{efn|Other romanizations of Qiongzhou include '''Keung-chow Foo'''.<ref name=eb9>{{cite EB9|mode=cs2|wstitle=China|ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}}|volume=5}}</ref>}} the district was formerly a separate city which served as the center of Chinese administration on [[Hainan Island]] when it formed a part of [[Guangdong Province]].<ref name=eb9/>


The British Consulate in Kiungchow was opened in April 1876, as a result of the [[Treaty of Tientsin]] in 1858.<ref>Nield, Robert. “China’s Southernmost Treaty Port.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 52, Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, 2012, pp. 67. "But the first steps in opening the port had been taken and in 1876 a British consul was sent, the port being declared open on 1 April that year. Quite prudently, one of his first actions was to agree that there should be no settlement or concession yet; he chose instead to wait and see. Moreover, even though Kiungchow had no shops to speak of, there was a fair amount of trade being conducted by local merchants and it was not clear where the foreigners would fit in."</ref>
[[Hai Rui]], a [[Ming Dynasty]] official, after who [[Hai Rui Park]] is named, was from Qiongshan. [[Chen Yuyi]], Chairman of CPPCC Hainan Provincial Committee, was born in Qiongshan in 1936.


==Geography==
[[Qiongzhou University]] is located in this district.
[[Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve]] is located in the district and has an area of {{Convert|2500|ha|acre|sp=us}}. It includes six rivers, an irregular coastline, and a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The mangrove forest on the south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/105/ |title= Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve |publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>


==Climate==
[[Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve]] is located in the district and has an area of {{Convert|2500|ha|acre}}. It includes six rivers, and the coastline is very irregular and includes a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The Mangrove forest on the south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url= http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/105/ |title= Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve |publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Qiongshan District (1991–2020 normals)
|Jan high C = 21.2
|Feb high C = 22.9
|Mar high C = 26.6
|Apr high C = 30.1
|May high C = 32.5
|Jun high C = 33.7
|Jul high C = 33.4
|Aug high C = 32.6
|Sep high C = 31.1
|Oct high C = 28.9
|Nov high C = 26.0
|Dec high C = 22.3
|Jan mean C = 18.3
|Feb mean C = 19.5
|Mar mean C = 22.6
|Apr mean C = 25.8
|May mean C = 28.1
|Jun mean C = 29.1
|Jul mean C = 29.1
|Aug mean C = 28.6
|Sep mean C = 27.8
|Oct mean C = 26.1
|Nov mean C = 23.3
|Dec mean C = 19.8
|Jan low C = 16.3
|Feb low C = 17.3
|Mar low C = 20.1
|Apr low C = 23.1
|May low C = 25.3
|Jun low C = 26.2
|Jul low C = 26.2
|Aug low C = 26.0
|Sep low C = 25.5
|Oct low C = 23.9
|Nov low C = 21.4
|Dec low C = 18.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 28.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 32.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 43.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 96.6
|May precipitation mm = 208.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 251.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 243.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 302.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 284.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 263.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 63.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 42.4
|Jan humidity = 85
|Feb humidity = 86
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 82
|May humidity = 80
|Jun humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 82
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 79
|Dec humidity = 80
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.1
|Feb precipitation days = 9.7
|Mar precipitation days = 9.7
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 16.0
|Jun precipitation days = 16.7
|Jul precipitation days = 16.0
|Aug precipitation days = 15.2
|Sep precipitation days = 14.7
|Oct precipitation days = 11.1
|Nov precipitation days = 8.4
|Dec precipitation days = 8.4
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 92.3
|Feb sun = 96.9
|Mar sun = 130.9
|Apr sun = 165.2
|May sun = 215.5
|Jun sun = 217.6
|Jul sun = 238.3
|Aug sun = 215.7
|Sep sun = 181.5
|Oct sun = 171.7
|Nov sun = 128.3
|Dec sun = 98.8
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 27
| Feb percentsun = 30
| Mar percentsun = 35
| Apr percentsun = 44
| May percentsun = 53
| Jun percentsun = 55
| Jul percentsun = 59
| Aug percentsun = 55
| Sep percentsun = 50
| Oct percentsun = 48
| Nov percentsun = 39
| Dec percentsun = 29
| year percentsun =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =11 October 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
[[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] is the official language of administration and education, but locals also speak [[Haikou dialect]] of [[Hainanese]] (a [[Min Chinese|Min]] language), while other ethnic groups also speak the [[Qiongshan dialect]] of [[Lingao language|Lingao]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Qiongzhou Strait]]
* [[Qiongzhou Strait]]

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}


==References==
==References==
Line 104: Line 225:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_36009.htm Information about Qiongshan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060831180804/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_36009.htm Information about Qiongshan]


{{City of Haikou}}
{{City of Haikou}}
{{Hainan topics}}
{{Hainan topics}}
{{Hainan}}
{{Hainan}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Haikou]]
[[Category:Haikou]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Hainan]]



{{Hainan-geo-stub}}
{{Hainan-geo-stub}}

Revision as of 19:45, 9 November 2023

Qiongshan
琼山区
Kiungshan; Chiungshan
District
Qiongshan is located in Hainan
Qiongshan
Qiongshan
Location in Hainan
Coordinates: 20°00′12″N 110°21′14″E / 20.0032°N 110.3540°E / 20.0032; 110.3540
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHainan
Prefecture-level cityHaikou
Area
 • Total928.62 km2 (358.54 sq mi)
Population
 (2002)
 • Total360,000
 • Density390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China standard time)
Qiongshan
Simplified Chinese琼山
Traditional Chinese瓊山
PostalKiungshan
Literal meaningJade Mountain
Former names
Qiongzhou
Traditional Chinese瓊州
Simplified Chinese琼州
PostalKiungchow
Literal meaningJade Prefecture

Qiongshan District, alternately romanized as Kiungshan, is one district in Haikou City, Hainan.

History

As Qiongzhou, formerly romanized as Kiungchow,[a] the district was formerly a separate city which served as the center of Chinese administration on Hainan Island when it formed a part of Guangdong Province.[1]

The British Consulate in Kiungchow was opened in April 1876, as a result of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858.[2]

Geography

Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve is located in the district and has an area of 2,500 hectares (6,200 acres). It includes six rivers, an irregular coastline, and a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The mangrove forest on the south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife.[3]

Climate

Climate data for Qiongshan District (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.2
(70.2) 		22.9
(73.2) 		26.6
(79.9) 		30.1
(86.2) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.7
(92.7) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.1
(88.0) 		28.9
(84.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		22.3
(72.1) 		28.4
(83.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		25.8
(78.4) 		28.1
(82.6) 		29.1
(84.4) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.6
(83.5) 		27.8
(82.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.8
(67.6) 		24.8
(76.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.3
(61.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.1
(73.6) 		25.3
(77.5) 		26.2
(79.2) 		26.2
(79.2) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		21.4
(70.5) 		18.0
(64.4) 		22.4
(72.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28.1
(1.11) 		32.3
(1.27) 		43.6
(1.72) 		96.6
(3.80) 		208.0
(8.19) 		251.0
(9.88) 		243.3
(9.58) 		302.7
(11.92) 		284.7
(11.21) 		263.3
(10.37) 		63.7
(2.51) 		42.4
(1.67) 		1,859.7
(73.23)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 9.1 9.7 9.7 11.1 16.0 16.7 16.0 15.2 14.7 11.1 8.4 8.4 146.1
Average relative humidity (%) 85 86 84 82 80 79 79 81 82 79 79 80 81
Mean monthly sunshine hours 92.3 96.9 130.9 165.2 215.5 217.6 238.3 215.7 181.5 171.7 128.3 98.8 1,952.7
Percent possible sunshine 27 30 35 44 53 55 59 55 50 48 39 29 44
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5]

Demographics

Mandarin is the official language of administration and education, but locals also speak Haikou dialect of Hainanese (a Min language), while other ethnic groups also speak the Qiongshan dialect of Lingao.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Other romanizations of Qiongzhou include Keung-chow Foo.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "China" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
  2. ^ Nield, Robert. “China’s Southernmost Treaty Port.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 52, Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, 2012, pp. 67. "But the first steps in opening the port had been taken and in 1876 a British consul was sent, the port being declared open on 1 April that year. Quite prudently, one of his first actions was to agree that there should be no settlement or concession yet; he chose instead to wait and see. Moreover, even though Kiungchow had no shops to speak of, there was a fair amount of trade being conducted by local merchants and it was not clear where the foreigners would fit in."
  3. ^ "Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  4. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 October 2023.


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