https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/pages/currenttoc.aspx en-us Tue, 02 Jul 2024 02:19:53 -0500 Wolters Kluwer Health RSS Generator https://images.journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/XLargeThumb.00075197-202407000-00000.CV.jpeg https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/pages/currenttoc.aspx https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/editorial_introductions.1.aspx No abstract available]]> Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00001 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/editorial__unravelling_the_trifecta__obesity,.2.aspx No abstract available]]> Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00002 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/dna_damage,_obesity_and_obesity_related_health.3.aspx Purpose of review Obesity is associated with increased DNA damage, which may in turn contribute to the development of obesity-related complications. DNA damage can also affect adipocyte biology, resulting in increased adiposity. Carefully managed weight loss programs can reverse this process. This article surveys new data that support these contentions. Recent findings Whole exome sequencing analyses have identified rare variants linked to high BMI and adiposity. Two of the identified genes are linked to DNA damage and DNA repair, suggesting that DNA damage itself may play a role in the cause of obesity. It has also been recognized that obesity increases DNA damage in breast tissue of carriers of BRCA mutations and rates of tumour formation in BRCA1+ mice, indicating effect of obesity on cancer development in high-risk populations. In addition, obesity promotes cancer cell chemoresistance by decreasing fatty acid oxidation involved in cellular DNA damage response, leading to apoptotic cellular death. Obesity is also associated with a reduced capacity of oocytes to repair sperm DNA damage, leading to lower in-vitro fertilization rates in women with obesity. Summary DNA damage and cellular responses to DNA damage can be both the result and the cause of obesity and can strongly influence the development and treatment of obesity-associated diseases.]]> Fri, 19 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00003 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/carbohydrates_in_the_context_of_metabolic_diseases.4.aspx No abstract available]]> Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00004 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/lactose_malabsorption_and_intolerance_in_older.5.aspx Purpose of review Lactose malabsorption and intolerance are very common conditions. However, their optimal approach, including the diagnostic assessment, remains a matter of debate, especially in advanced age. In this brief review, we focused on current knowledge, concerns, and impact in clinical practice of lactose malabsorption and intolerance in elderly. Recent findings Older adults are at high risk of malnutrition, owing to frequent occurrence of cognitive impairment, loss of appetite, dysphagia, and poor oral health. A significant decrease in the consumption of dairy products may lead to inadequate intake of high-quality protein and minerals, with a consequent impact on muscle and bone health. Testing for lactose malabsorption may be challenging in older adults, if not useless. Instead, a detailed clinical evaluation should always be pursued to identify both lactose intolerance and all confounding factors mimicking the same clinical picture. Summary The management of lactose malabsorption and intolerance in older adults deserves a personalized approach. Because of the importance of maintaining an adequate nutritional status in this age group, efforts should be put forth to avoid excessively restrictive diets.]]> Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00005 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/the_impact_of_slowly_digestible_and_resistant.6.aspx Purpose of review This review will summarize recent studies assessing the effect of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) on glucose metabolism in healthy, prediabetic or type 2 diabetic adults. Recent findings Currently, a particular interest in starch and its digestibility has arisen, with data showing a positive effect of SDS and RS on the glucose homeostasis of healthy, at-risk, prediabetic and type 2 diabetic patients but research is ongoing. Summary Carbohydrates (CHO) and especially starch play a major role in the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). This largely depends on the quality and the digestibility (rate and extent) of the ingested starchy products, beyond their quantity. SDS have been poorly studied but display a beneficial effect on reducing glucose excursions in healthy and insulin-resistant subjects and a relevant potential to improve glucose control in type 2 diabetic individuals. As for RS, the results appear to be encouraging but remain heterogeneous, depending the nature of the RS and its role on microbiota modulation. Further studies are needed to confirm the present results and investigate the potential complementary beneficial effects of SDS and RS on long-term glucose homeostasis to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.]]> Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00006 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/risks_and_benefits_of_nonsugar_sweeteners_.7.aspx Purpose of review Recommendations on the use of nonsugar sweeteners are contradictory, even if they come from official sources. The aim is to review and discuss recent findings on the potential impact of nonsugar sweeteners on human health. Recent findings While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with short duration and risk factors endpoints mostly show favourable effects on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters when nonsugar sweeteners are used to replaced sugar-sweetened products, observational studies mostly show a positive association between the consumption of nonsugar sweeteners and cardiometabolic diseases. The conflicting results may be explained by the heterogenous nature of nonsugar sweeteners but also likely is a consequence of serious weaknesses of available studies. Summary For more evidence-based recommendations for practice and policy, scientifically sound studies with long follow-up are required.]]> Mon, 20 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00007 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/nutrition_support,_carbohydrate_feeding_and.8.aspx Purpose of review This review aims to summarize recent studies that highlight the complex relationship between nutrition, carbohydrate, insulin provision and glycaemic control in the critically ill patient population. Recent findings Results of observational studies concur to support early hypoglycaemia and persisting hyperglycaemia as life-threatening events. In contrast, interventional studies indicate that early macronutrient restriction appears to reduce the benefits related to insulin therapy. This restriction is however associated with improved outcomes in itself. The potential role of modified enteral solutions as an adjunctive treatment to attenuate hyperglycaemia warrants further research. The selection of a therapeutic modality may also differ according to the characteristics of the setting, such as the nurse-to-patient ratio, the type and accuracy of meters, including near-continuous glucose monitoring and the availability of computer-guided protocols. Summary There appears to be significant interplay between nutrition, including carbohydrate provision, blood glucose control and clinical outcomes. Individualized care is probably needed to define the optimal glucose target and nutritional intervention. This can differ according to the preexistence of chronic hyperglycaemia, the timing from the onset of critical illness and the clinical condition itself.]]> Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00008 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/role_of_dietary_fibres_in_cardiometabolic_diseases.9.aspx Purpose of review This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a focus on the causal pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases, namely weight management, glycaemic control, and lipid levels, as well as the latest findings for cardiovascular disease outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality. Evidence for mechanisms through gut microbiota are also briefly reviewed. Recent findings Dietary fibre intake is associated with improved weight management, the extent of which may depend on the subtype of dietary fibre. Overall dietary fibre intake reduces blood glucose and HbA1c, however soluble fibres may be particularly effective in reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. Individual meta-analyses and umbrella reviews of observational studies on dietary fibre, as well as major fibre types, observed inverse associations with incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. As different types of fibres exerted different health benefits, fibre diversity (i.e. combinations of fibres) should be further investigated. Summary Dietary fibres improve both short-term and long-term cardiometabolic disease risk factors and outcomes, and thus should be on every menu.]]> Thu, 16 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT-05:00 00075197-202407000-00009 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/nourishing_the_gut__the_impact_of_diet_on_host_gut.10.aspx Purpose of review Understanding the spectrum of drivers that influence the gut microbiome (GM) remains a crucial field of investigation. Among these factors, diet has received particular attention, as it could explain up to 20% of the variability in GM composition between individuals. This review focuses on the complex relationships between different dietary patterns and GM in humans, based on recent findings. Recent findings Current evidence underscores the multifaceted impact of diet on GM richness, diversity, and overall composition. Key contributing factors encompass dietary habits, nutritional interventions, food quality and variety, macronutrient distribution, timing of feeding, and selective exclusion of certain foods. Summary The intricate interplay between diet and GM is of fundamental importance in shaping the interaction between the host and the environment. Further understanding the causal impact of diet on GM has promising potential for the advancement of strategies to promote health and mitigate cardio-metabolic disease risks through dietary interventions. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/COCN/A21]]> Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT-06:00 00075197-202407000-00010 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/fulltext/2024/07000/plant_proteins__are_they_a_good_alternative_to.11.aspx Purpose of review This review provides the latest insight into the impact of consuming plant-based protein for older people. Recent findings According to the latest data, a healthy diet rich in plant-based-protein-rich-food could promote healthy aging. This health effect is partly because of the amino acid composition of proteins, as well as to the important constituents such as fiber and bioactive compounds found in the matrix. Furthermore, even though animal protein is more effective at stimulating muscle protein synthesis, a high consumption of plant protein (beyond 31 g/day) appears to enhance physical performance and reduce the risk of frailty in older individuals. Summary Recent literature highlights numerous health benefits for older people associated with a substantial intake of plant-based vs. animal-based protein, both in preventing and mitigating chronic age-related diseases and reducing the risk of all-cause mortality. However, a high intake of plant-based protein-rich products could pose risks of malnutrition and fiber-related intestinal intolerances. Further research is needed to assess the risk–benefit ratio of a high consumption of plant proteins in older individuals before we can make robust recommendations on how far animal proteins can be healthfully replaced with plant proteins.]]> Fri, 01 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT-06:00 00075197-202407000-00011 -