Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla and the origin of plants, animals and fungi
- PMID: 10097391
- PMCID: PMC1689654
- DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0617
Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla and the origin of plants, animals and fungi
Abstract
In the past, molecular clocks have been used to estimate divergence times among animal phyla, but those time estimates have varied widely (1200-670 million years ago, Ma). In order to obtain time estimates that are more robust, we have analysed a larger number of genes for divergences among three well-represented animal phyla, and among plants, animals and fungi. The time estimate for the chordate-arthropod divergence, using 50 genes, is 993 +/- 46 Ma. Nematodes were found to have diverged from the lineage leading to arthropods and chordates at 1177 +/- 79 Ma. Phylogenetic analyses also show that a basal position of nematodes has strong support (p > 99%) and is not the result of rate biases. The three-way split (relationships unresolved) of plants, animals and fungi was estimated at 1576 +/- 88 Ma. By inference, the basal animal phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora) diverged between about 1200-1500 Ma. This suggests that at least six animal phyla originated deep in the Precambrian, more than 400 million years earlier than their first appearance in the fossil record.
Similar articles
-
Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life.Curr Biol. 2015 Oct 5;25(19):R930-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.019. Curr Biol. 2015. PMID: 26439356 Review.
-
Dating divergences in the Fungal Tree of Life: review and new analyses.Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):838-49. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.838. Mycologia. 2006. PMID: 17486961 Review.
-
A molecular timescale of eukaryote evolution and the rise of complex multicellular life.BMC Evol Biol. 2004 Jan 28;4:2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-4-2. BMC Evol Biol. 2004. PMID: 15005799 Free PMC article.
-
The colonization of land by animals: molecular phylogeny and divergence times among arthropods.BMC Biol. 2004 Jan 19;2:1. doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-2-1. BMC Biol. 2004. PMID: 14731304 Free PMC article.
-
Origin of the metazoan phyla: molecular clocks confirm paleontological estimates.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jan 20;95(2):606-11. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.2.606. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998. PMID: 9435239 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Survey of Sensitization to Common Fungi in an Allergic Dog Population: The Need for Further Focus on Sensitization and Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine.J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Nov 3;9(11):1075. doi: 10.3390/jof9111075. J Fungi (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37998880 Free PMC article.
-
Study on two nematode species suggests climate change will inflict greater crop damage.Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 30;13(1):14185. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41466-x. Sci Rep. 2023. PMID: 37648720 Free PMC article.
-
HNF4α isoforms: the fraternal twin master regulators of liver function.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Aug 3;14:1226173. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1226173. eCollection 2023. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. PMID: 37600688 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Fish Skin Mucus Extracts: An Underexplored Source of Antimicrobial Agents.Mar Drugs. 2023 Jun 7;21(6):350. doi: 10.3390/md21060350. Mar Drugs. 2023. PMID: 37367675 Free PMC article. Review.
-
DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs.Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023 May;196:114776. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114776. Epub 2023 Mar 17. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023. PMID: 36934519 Free PMC article. Review.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Miscellaneous