Latent infection with herpes simplex virus is associated with ongoing CD8+ T-cell stimulation by parenchymal cells within sensory ganglia
- PMID: 16282484
- PMCID: PMC1287551
- DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.23.14843-14851.2005
Latent infection with herpes simplex virus is associated with ongoing CD8+ T-cell stimulation by parenchymal cells within sensory ganglia
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell persistence can be seen in ganglia harboring latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. While there is some evidence that these cells suppress virus reactivation, this view remains controversial. Given that maintenance of latency by CD8+ T cells would necessitate ongoing exposure to antigen within this site, we sought evidence for such chronic stimulation. Initial experiments showed infiltration by activated but not naïve CD8+ T cells into ganglia harboring latent HSV infection. While such infiltration was independent of T-cell specificity, once recruited, only virus-specific T cells expressed high levels of preformed granzyme B, a marker of ongoing activation. Moreover, bone marrow replacement chimeras showed that these elevated granzyme levels were totally dependent on presentation by parenchymal cells within the ganglia. Overall, this study argues that activated CD8+ T cells are nonspecifically recruited into latently infected ganglia, and in this site they are exposed to ongoing antigen stimulation, most likely by infected neuronal cells.
Figures
![FIG. 1.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000001.gif)
![FIG. 2.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000002.gif)
![FIG. 3.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000003.gif)
![FIG. 4.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000004.gif)
![FIG. 5.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000005.gif)
![FIG. 6.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000006.gif)
![FIG. 7.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/1287551/bin/zjv0230571000007.gif)
Similar articles
-
Immune control of herpes simplex virus during latency.Curr Opin Immunol. 2004 Aug;16(4):463-9. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2004.05.003. Curr Opin Immunol. 2004. PMID: 15245740 Review.
-
Either a CD4(+)or CD8(+)T cell function is sufficient for clearance of infectious virus from trigeminal ganglia and establishment of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in mice.Microb Pathog. 1999 Dec;27(6):387-94. doi: 10.1006/mpat.1999.0314. Microb Pathog. 1999. PMID: 10588911
-
Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript expression protects trigeminal ganglion neurons from apoptosis.J Virol. 2005 Jul;79(14):9019-25. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.14.9019-9025.2005. J Virol. 2005. PMID: 15994795 Free PMC article.
-
4-1BB costimulation enhances HSV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses by the induction of CD11c+CD8+ T cells.Cell Immunol. 2005 Dec;238(2):76-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.01.004. Epub 2006 Mar 9. Cell Immunol. 2005. PMID: 16524567
-
Immunity in latent Herpes simplex virus infection.Acta Virol. 2005;49(3):159-67. Acta Virol. 2005. PMID: 16178513 Review.
Cited by
-
At Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Stage, the Infectious Spectrum Is Driven by Non-Familial Factors and Anti-CCP Immunization.J Clin Med. 2024 May 9;13(10):2796. doi: 10.3390/jcm13102796. J Clin Med. 2024. PMID: 38792338 Free PMC article.
-
Inefficient Recovery of Repeatedly Stimulated Memory CD8 T Cells after Polymicrobial Sepsis Induction Leads to Changes in Memory CD8 T Cell Pool Composition.J Immunol. 2023 Jan 15;210(2):168-179. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200676. J Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36480268 Free PMC article.
-
T-cells in human trigeminal ganglia express canonical tissue-resident memory T-cell markers.J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Oct 6;19(1):249. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02611-x. J Neuroinflammation. 2022. PMID: 36203181 Free PMC article.
-
Developments in Vaccination for Herpes Simplex Virus.Front Microbiol. 2021 Dec 7;12:798927. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798927. eCollection 2021. Front Microbiol. 2021. PMID: 34950127 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Local Immune Control of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Ganglia of Mice and Man.Front Immunol. 2021 Sep 15;12:723809. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723809. eCollection 2021. Front Immunol. 2021. PMID: 34603296 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Allan, R. S., C. M. Smith, G. T. Belz, A. L. van Lint, L. M. Wakim, W. R. Heath, and F. R. Carbone. 2003. Epidermal viral immunity induced by CD8α+ dendritic cells but not by Langerhans cells. Science 301:1925-1928. - PubMed
-
- Altman, J. D., P. A. Moss, P. J. Goulder, D. H. Barouch, M. G. McHeyzer-Williams, J. I. Bell, A. J. McMichael, and M. M. Davis. 1996. Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Science 274:94-96. - PubMed
-
- Banerjee, K., P. S. Biswas, U. Kumaraguru, S. P. Schoenberger, and B. T. Rouse. 2004. Protective and pathological roles of virus-specific and bystander CD8+ T cells in herpetic stromal keratitis. J. Immunol. 173:7575-7583. - PubMed
-
- Baringer, J. R., and P. Swoveland. 1973. Recovery of herpes-simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglions. N. Engl. J. Med. 288:648-650. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials