Mineral factors controlling essential hypertension--a study in the Chandigarh, India population
- PMID: 17916956
- DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-8013-7
Mineral factors controlling essential hypertension--a study in the Chandigarh, India population
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a major public health problem world over and in India. Recent data on EH in the population of Chandigarh (Union Territory and capital of Punjab and Haryana States of India) revealed that the prevalence of EH has become double in the last 30 years in the residents of Chandigarh (26.9 to 45.80% in the year 1968 and 2002). Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) in the serum are considered important in maintaining the human hypertension. The high Zn intake was considered to increase the blood pressure (BP) and to affect the other mineral status in the body. Recent survey on the trace metal status of different vegetables in the State of Punjab around Chandigarh (India) revealed that Zn level is significantly higher (40 mg/kg or more in above ground vegetables and 120 mg/kg or above in underground vegetables) in underground water-irrigated vegetables, but the levels of Cu and Mg are within prescribed limit. The present study was conducted on Chandigarh population to evaluate the levels of Zn, Cu, Mg, and Mn in the blood and urine of normotensive (NT) control and hypertensive (HT) subjects matched with number, age and sex. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer studies reevaluated that the levels of serum Zn, Mg, and Mn were significantly higher (p < 0.001), but the level of Cu was low in the HT subjects (BP = 160/93) compared to NT control (BP = 140/83). Higher levels of urinary Zn, Cu, Mg, and Mn were observed in the HT subject vs NT control (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were evaluated between the levels of serum Zn, Mg, and Mn vs systolic and diastolic pressures (DP and SP), respectively (r = 0.928, 0.863, 0.876, 0.808, 0.404, 0.326, p < 0.01), but negative and positive nonsignificant correlations between the serum Cu with SP and DP were recorded (r = -0.032, r = 0.024). Positive correlations were also evaluated between urinary levels of Zn, Cu, Mg, and Mn vs SP and DP (r = 0.718, 0.657, 0.750, 0.681, 0.630, 0.578, 0.516, 0.461, p < 0.01). Prevalence of essential hypertension may be due to higher Zn level in the food chain that makes the individuals vulnerable to other diseases over the time related to essential hypertension.
Similar articles
-
Serum sialic acid levels and selected mineral status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003 Sep;94(3):193-201. doi: 10.1385/BTER:94:3:193. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003. PMID: 12972687
-
Assessment of minerals in obesity-related diseases in the Chandigarh (India) population.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008 Feb;121(2):106-23. doi: 10.1007/s12011-007-8035-1. Epub 2007 Oct 20. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008. PMID: 17952386
-
Trace minerals in experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage: zinc, copper and manganese levels in rat brain tissue, blood and urine.Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006 Apr;148(4):443-8. doi: 10.1007/s00701-006-0745-1. Epub 2006 Feb 13. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006. PMID: 16475018
-
Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl).Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009 Jun;12(3):259-66. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.05.006. Epub 2009 Jun 11. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009. PMID: 19524482 Review.
-
[Cardiovascular risk stratification. Systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure?].Ital Heart J Suppl. 2001 Apr;2(4):356-8. Ital Heart J Suppl. 2001. PMID: 19397006 Review. Italian.
Cited by
-
Role of copper and its complexes in cardiovascular diseases.Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Nov 28;48(11):1731-1738. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230159. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023. PMID: 38432864 Free PMC article. Chinese, English.
-
Review Article on Molecular Mechanism of Regulation of Hypertension by Macro-elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg), Micro-elements/Trace Metals (Zn and Cu) and Toxic Elements (Pb and As).Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Apr;202(4):1477-1502. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03784-z. Epub 2023 Jul 31. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024. PMID: 37523058 Review.
-
Causal Effect of Genetically Determined Blood Copper Concentrations on Multiple Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization and Phenome-Wide Association Study.Phenomics. 2022 May 7;2(4):242-253. doi: 10.1007/s43657-022-00052-3. eCollection 2022 Aug. Phenomics. 2022. PMID: 36939787 Free PMC article.
-
Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders.Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Dec 15;11(1):3-16. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3035. eCollection 2023 Jan. Food Sci Nutr. 2022. PMID: 36655089 Free PMC article. Review.
-
A prospective study of arsenic and manganese exposures and maternal blood pressure during gestation.Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 1):113845. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113845. Epub 2022 Jul 10. Environ Res. 2022. PMID: 35830911 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials