Selective CD4+ T cell help for antibody responses to a large viral pathogen: deterministic linkage of specificities
- PMID: 18549802
- PMCID: PMC2504733
- DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.04.018
Selective CD4+ T cell help for antibody responses to a large viral pathogen: deterministic linkage of specificities
Abstract
Antibody responses are critical components of protective immune responses to many pathogens, but parameters determining which proteins are targeted remain unclear. Vaccination with individual MHC-II-restricted vaccinia virus (VACV, smallpox vaccine) epitopes revealed that CD4(+) T cell help to B cells was surprisingly nontransferable to other virion protein specificities. Many VACV CD4(+) T cell responses identified in an unbiased screen targeted antibody virion protein targets, consistent with deterministic linkage between specificities. We tested the deterministic linkage model by efficiently predicting new vaccinia MHC II epitopes (830% improved efficiency). Finally, we showed CD4(+) T cell help was limiting for neutralizing antibody development and protective immunity in vivo. In contrast to the standard model, these data indicate individual proteins are the unit of B cell-T cell recognition for a large virus. Therefore, MHC restriction is a key selective event for the antiviral antibody response and is probably important for vaccine development to large pathogens.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f1.gif)
![Figure 2](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f2.gif)
![Figure 3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f3.gif)
![Figure 4](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f4.gif)
![Figure 5](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f5.gif)
![Figure 6](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f6a.gif)
![Figure 6](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f6a.gif)
![Figure 6](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2504733/bin/nihms55832f6a.gif)
Similar articles
-
Virus-encoded ectopic CD74 enhances poxvirus vaccine efficacy.Immunology. 2014 Apr;141(4):531-9. doi: 10.1111/imm.12210. Immunology. 2014. PMID: 24205828 Free PMC article.
-
CD4+ T cells provide intermolecular help to generate robust antibody responses in vaccinia virus-vaccinated humans.J Immunol. 2013 Jun 15;190(12):6023-33. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202523. Epub 2013 May 10. J Immunol. 2013. PMID: 23667112 Free PMC article.
-
Uncovering the interplay between CD8, CD4 and antibody responses to complex pathogens.Future Microbiol. 2010 Feb;5(2):221-39. doi: 10.2217/fmb.09.110. Future Microbiol. 2010. PMID: 20143946 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Definition of epitopes and antigens recognized by vaccinia specific immune responses: their conservation in variola virus sequences, and use as a model system to study complex pathogens.Vaccine. 2009 Dec 30;27 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):G21-6. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.011. Vaccine. 2009. PMID: 20006135 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Virus-specific MHC-class II-restricted TCR-transgenic mice: effects on humoral and cellular immune responses after viral infection.Eur J Immunol. 1998 Jan;28(1):390-400. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<390::AID-IMMU390>3.0.CO;2-O. Eur J Immunol. 1998. PMID: 9485218
Cited by
-
In Silico Analyses, Experimental Verification and Application in DNA Vaccines of Ebolavirus GP-Derived pan-MHC-II-Restricted Epitopes.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Oct 20;11(10):1620. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101620. Vaccines (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37897022 Free PMC article.
-
Pre-existing CD4 T cell help boosts antibody responses but has limited impact on germinal center, antigen-specific B cell frequencies after influenza infection.Front Immunol. 2023 Aug 30;14:1243164. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243164. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 37711622 Free PMC article.
-
Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cell and B Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi.J Immunol. 2023 Sep 15;211(6):994-1005. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200890. J Immunol. 2023. PMID: 37556156
-
T cell reactivity to Bordetella pertussis is highly diverse regardless of childhood vaccination.Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Aug 9;31(8):1404-1416.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.015. Epub 2023 Jul 24. Cell Host Microbe. 2023. PMID: 37490913
-
High titre neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection require RBD-specific CD4 T cells that include proliferative memory cells.Front Immunol. 2022 Dec 5;13:1032911. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032911. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 36544780 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Amanna IJ, Slifka MK, Crotty S. Immunity and immunological memory following smallpox vaccination. Immunol Rev. 2006;211:320–337. - PubMed
-
- Bachmann MF, Zinkernagel RM. Neutralizing antiviral B cell responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:235–270. - PubMed
-
- Balazs M, Martin F, Zhou T, Kearney J. Blood dendritic cells interact with splenic marginal zone B cells to initiate T-independent immune responses. Immunity. 2002;17:341–352. - PubMed
-
- Batista FD, Iber D, Neuberger MS. B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation. Nature. 2001;411:489–494. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials