X inactivation and the complexities of silencing a sex chromosome
- PMID: 19477626
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.04.012
X inactivation and the complexities of silencing a sex chromosome
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation represents a paradigm for monoallelic gene expression and epigenetic regulation in mammals. Since its discovery over half a century ago, the pathways involved in the establishment of X-chromosomal silencing, assembly, and maintenance of the heterochromatic state have been the subjects of intensive research. In placental mammals, it is becoming clear that X inactivation involves an interplay between noncoding transcripts such as Xist, chromatin modifiers, and factors involved in nuclear organization. Together these result in a changed chromatin structure and in the spatial reorganization of the X chromosome. Exciting new work is starting to uncover the factors involved in some of these changes. Recent studies have also revealed surprising diversity in the kinetics and extent of gene silencing across the X chromosome, as well as in the mechanisms of XCI between mammals.
Similar articles
-
RNA and protein actors in X-chromosome inactivation.Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2006;71:419-28. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2006.71.058. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2006. PMID: 17381324 Review.
-
Tsix defective in splicing is competent to establish Xist silencing.Development. 2006 Dec;133(24):4925-31. doi: 10.1242/dev.02670. Epub 2006 Nov 15. Development. 2006. PMID: 17108001
-
X-tra! X-tra! News from the mouse X chromosome.Dev Biol. 2006 Oct 15;298(2):344-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.07.011. Epub 2006 Jul 15. Dev Biol. 2006. PMID: 16916508 Review.
-
A transient heterochromatic state in Xist preempts X inactivation choice without RNA stabilization.Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 3;21(5):617-28. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.028. Mol Cell. 2006. PMID: 16507360
-
Chromosomal silencing and localization are mediated by different domains of Xist RNA.Nat Genet. 2002 Feb;30(2):167-74. doi: 10.1038/ng820. Epub 2002 Jan 7. Nat Genet. 2002. PMID: 11780141
Cited by
-
Dosage Compensation of the X Chromosome during Sheep Testis Development Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 24;12(17):2169. doi: 10.3390/ani12172169. Animals (Basel). 2022. PMID: 36077890 Free PMC article.
-
LINE-1 and SINE-B1 mapping and genome diversification in Proechimys species (Rodentia: Echimyidae).Life Sci Alliance. 2022 Mar 18;5(6):e202101104. doi: 10.26508/lsa.202101104. Print 2022 Jun. Life Sci Alliance. 2022. PMID: 35304430 Free PMC article.
-
The lncRNAs at X Chromosome Inactivation Center: Not Just a Matter of Sex Dosage Compensation.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 6;23(2):611. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020611. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. PMID: 35054794 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Small Nucleolar RNAs and Their Roles in Regulating Latex Regeneration in the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis).Front Plant Sci. 2021 Oct 26;12:731484. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.731484. eCollection 2021. Front Plant Sci. 2021. PMID: 34764965 Free PMC article.
-
Epigenome-wide change and variation in DNA methylation in childhood: trajectories from birth to late adolescence.Hum Mol Genet. 2021 Mar 25;30(1):119-134. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa280. Hum Mol Genet. 2021. PMID: 33450751 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
