The risks of not breastfeeding for mothers and infants
- PMID: 20111658
- PMCID: PMC2812877
The risks of not breastfeeding for mothers and infants
Abstract
Health outcomes in developed countries differ substantially for mothers and infants who formula feed compared with those who breastfeed. For infants, not being breastfed is associated with an increased incidence of infectious morbidity, as well as elevated risks of childhood obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden infant death syndrome. For mothers, failure to breastfeed is associated with an increased incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer, retained gestational weight gain, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and the metabolic syndrome. Obstetricians are uniquely positioned to counsel mothers about the health impact of breastfeeding and to ensure that mothers and infants receive appropriate, evidence-based care, starting at birth.
Keywords: Antenatal care; Breastfeeding; Infant health outcomes; Lactation.
Similar articles
-
Early-Life Nutrition, Growth Trajectories, and Long-Term Outcome.Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2019;90:107-120. doi: 10.1159/000490299. Epub 2019 Mar 13. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2019. PMID: 30865980
-
Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries.Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Apr;(153):1-186. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007. PMID: 17764214 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Lactation counseling for mothers of very low birth weight infants: effect on maternal anxiety and infant intake of human milk.Pediatrics. 2006 Jan;117(1):e67-75. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0267. Pediatrics. 2006. PMID: 16396850
-
High potential for breast feeding among mothers giving birth to pre-term infants.Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982 Jul;71(4):661-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09493.x. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982. PMID: 7136684
-
Role of breast-feeding in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea.J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1990 Sep;8(3):68-81. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1990. PMID: 2243179 Review.
Cited by
-
Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Xenobiotic Chemicals with High Propensity to Transfer into Human Milk.ACS Omega. 2024 Mar 6;9(11):13006-13016. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09392. eCollection 2024 Mar 19. ACS Omega. 2024. PMID: 38524439 Free PMC article.
-
Thai novice nurses' lived experiences and perspectives of breastfeeding and human milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).Int Breastfeed J. 2024 Mar 20;19(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13006-024-00620-5. Int Breastfeed J. 2024. PMID: 38509594 Free PMC article.
-
Online ethnography of breastfeeding discussions in social networking sites for Hong Kong mothers.Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Nov 20;12(2):843-850. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3796. eCollection 2024 Feb. Food Sci Nutr. 2023. PMID: 38370074 Free PMC article.
-
Acceptability to donate human milk among postnatal mothers at St. Francis hospital Nsambya, Uganda: a mixed method study.Int Breastfeed J. 2024 Feb 1;19(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13006-024-00615-2. Int Breastfeed J. 2024. PMID: 38303077 Free PMC article.
-
A longitudinal comparison of maternal behaviour in German urban humans (Homo sapiens) and captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 17;14(1):1517. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51999-4. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38233560 Free PMC article.
References
-
- American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, authors. Special Report from ACOG. Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. ACOG Clinical Review. 2007;12(suppl):1S–16S.
-
- Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115:496–506. - PubMed
-
- American Academy of Family Physicians, authors. Breastfeeding, family physicians supporting (Position Paper) [Accessed June 10, 2009]. http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/policy/policies/b/breastfeedingpositi....
-
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, authors. Breastfeeding among U.S. children born 1999–2006, CDC National Immunization Survey. [Accessed June 10, 2009]. http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/NIS_data/index.htm.
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources