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. 2011 Jan 27;147(3-4):329-39.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.005. Epub 2010 Jul 15.

Longitudinal study of respiratory infection patterns of breeding sows in five farrow-to-finish herds

C Fablet  1 , C Marois, G Kuntz-Simon, N Rose, V Dorenlor, F Eono, E Eveno, J P Jolly, L Le Devendec, V Tocqueville, S Quéguiner, S Gorin, M Kobisch, F Madec
Affiliations

Longitudinal study of respiratory infection patterns of breeding sows in five farrow-to-finish herds

C Fablet et al. Vet Microbiol. .

Abstract

A longitudinal study was carried out in five French farrow-to-finish herds differently affected by respiratory diseases to describe the carrying and infection patterns of batches of sows to various respiratory pathogens during gestation and lactation. An entire batch of sows was followed during two successive reproduction cycles. Nasal, tonsillar and oro-pharyngeal swabs and blood samples were taken from each sow 9 and 4 weeks before farrowing and 1 and 4 weeks after farrowing. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus suis were detected from swab samples using PCR assays. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-9-11 and 2, Porcine Circovirus type-2 (PCV-2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) by ELISA tests. Antibodies against H(1)N(1), H(1)N(2) and H(3)N(2) Swine Influenza Viruses (SIV) of European lineages were tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The results indicated that S. suis is widespread among sows (67.1% of PCR-positive sows). A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, and H. parasuis were detected by PCR in 30.9%, 24.6% and 23.4% of the sows, respectively. Antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae were recovered from more than 55% of the sows in all herds whereas the micro-organism was detected in 2.4% of the sows. Although PCV-2 and SIV infections were highly prevalent, the PRRSV infection patterns ranged from no infection in farms mildly affected by respiratory diseases to active circulation in more severely affected herds. The sow population thus constitutes a reservoir for a continuous circulation of respiratory pathogens and needs to be properly considered in control strategies.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Estimated within herd pathogen detection frequency (and 95% confidence interval) of M. hyopneumoniae (Mhp), A. pleuropneumoniae (App), P. multocida (Pm), H. parasuis (Hps) and S. suis (Ssuis) during two successive gestation and lactation periods (cycles 1 and 2) (5 farrow-to-finish herds, 184 sows, 8 sampling times, nasal, tonsillar and oro-pharyngeal swabs, PCR assays, Generalized Estimation Equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix). 9wBFar: 9 weeks before farrowing; 4wBFar: 4 weeks before farrowing; 1wAFar: 1 week after farrowing; 4wAFar: 4 weeks after farrowing.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Adjusted within herd antibody detection frequency (with 95% confidence interval) of M. hyopneumoniae (Mhp), A. pleuropneumoniae serogroup 1-9-11 (App1-9-11) and serotype 2 (App2) during two successive gestation and lactation periods (cycles 1 and 2) (5 farrow-to-finish herds, 184 sows, 8 sampling times, ELISA assays, Generalized Estimation Equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix). 9wBFar: 9 weeks before farrowing; 4wBFar: 4 weeks before farrowing; 1wAFar: 1 week after farrowing; 4wAFar: 4 weeks after farrowing.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Frequency of PRRS-seropositive sows during gestation and lactation phases in five farrow-to-finish herds (184 sows, 3 sampling dates). wBFar01: 9 weeks before farrowing, replicate 01; 4wAFar01: 4 weeks after farrowing, replicate 01; 4wAFar02: 4 weeks before farrowing, replicate 02.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Distribution of the frequency of sows with SIV antibodies and antibodies titres for subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 4 weeks after farrowing in five farrow-to-finish pig herds (12 sows/herd).
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