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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2012 Oct;22(5):684-9.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01296.x. Epub 2011 Mar 16.

Educational intervention on water intake improves hydration status and enhances exercise performance in athletic youth

S A Kavouras  1 , G Arnaoutis, M Makrillos, C Garagouni, E Nikolaou, O Chira, E Ellinikaki, L S Sidossis
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Randomized Controlled Trial

Educational intervention on water intake improves hydration status and enhances exercise performance in athletic youth

S A Kavouras et al. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012 Oct.
Free PMC article

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate whether an intervention program emphasizing in increased fluid intake can improve exercise performance in children exercising in the heat. Ninety-two young athletes participated in the study (age: 13.8 ± 0.4 years, weight: 54.9 ± 1.5 kg). Thirty-one (boys: 13, girls: 18) children served as the control group (CON) and 61 (boys: 30, girls: 31) as the intervention (INT). Volunteers had free access to fluids. Hydration was assessed on the basis of first morning urine. A series of field tests were used to evaluate exercise performance. All tests occurred outdoors in the morning (mean ambient temperature=28°C). After baseline testing, INT attended a lecture on hydration, and urine color charts were mounted in all bathrooms. Additionally, water accessibility was facilitated in training, dining and resting areas. Hydration status was improved significantly in the INT [USG: pre=1.031 ± 0.09, post=1.023 ± 0.012, P<0.05; urine osmolality (mOsm/kg water): pre=941 ± 30, post=782 ± 34, P<0.05], while no statistically significant changes were found in the CON [USG: pre=1.033 ± 0.011, post=1.032 ± 0.013, P>0.05; urine osmolality (mOsm/kg water) 970 ± 38 vs 961 ± 38, P>0.05]. Performance in an endurance run was improved significantly only in INT (time for 600 m: pre=189 ± 5 s, post=167 ± 4 s, P<0.05). Improving hydration status by ad libitum consumption of water can enhance performance in young children exercising in the heat.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Urine specific gravity (USG) before and after the intervention in the control and intervention group. *Statistically significant difference between pre and post in each group.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Urine osmolality before and after the intervention in the control and intervention group. *Statistically significant difference between pre and post in each group.
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