Autophagosome closure requires membrane scission
- PMID: 26466816
- PMCID: PMC4824592
- DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1091552
Autophagosome closure requires membrane scission
Abstract
During the intracellular process of macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a membrane-bound organelle, the autophagosome, is generated de novo. The remodeling of the autophagic membrane during the life cycle of the organelle is a complex multistep process and involves several changes in the topology of the autophagic membrane. Here, we focus on the final step of autophagosome formation, the closure of the phagophore, during which the inner and outer autophagic membranes become separate entities. We argue that this topological membrane transformation is a membrane scission event. Surprisingly, not a single recent review describes this substep as membrane scission (or membrane fission). In contrast, a number of publications imply that membrane fusion is involved. We discuss the potential sources for misinterpretation and recommend to consistent use of the unambiguous term "membrane scission."
Keywords: autophagy; closure; membrane fission; membrane fusion; membrane neck; membrane scission; nuclear pore; phagophore; sporulation; yeast.
Figures
![Figure 1.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4824592/bin/kaup-11-11-1091552-g001.gif)
![Figure 2.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4824592/bin/kaup-11-11-1091552-g002.gif)
Similar articles
-
Membrane supply and remodeling during autophagosome biogenesis.Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2021 Aug;71:112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.001. Epub 2021 Apr 27. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2021. PMID: 33930785 Review.
-
Recent Advances in Membrane Shaping for Plant Autophagosome Biogenesis.Front Plant Sci. 2020 May 28;11:565. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00565. eCollection 2020. Front Plant Sci. 2020. PMID: 32547570 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Scission, a critical step in autophagosome formation.Autophagy. 2020 Aug;16(8):1363-1365. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1779468. Epub 2020 Jun 16. Autophagy. 2020. PMID: 32544363 Free PMC article.
-
Fusion and scission of membranes: Ubiquitous topological transformations in cells.Traffic. 2017 Nov;18(11):758-761. doi: 10.1111/tra.12509. Epub 2017 Sep 13. Traffic. 2017. PMID: 28799689
-
Membrane dynamics in autophagosome biogenesis.J Cell Sci. 2015 Jan 15;128(2):193-205. doi: 10.1242/jcs.141036. J Cell Sci. 2015. PMID: 25568151 Review.
Cited by
-
Autophagy in Its (Proper) Context: Molecular Basis, Biological Relevance, Pharmacological Modulation, and Lifestyle Medicine.Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Apr 22;20(7):2532-2554. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.95122. eCollection 2024. Int J Biol Sci. 2024. PMID: 38725847 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Insights into the function of ESCRT and its role in enveloped virus infection.Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct 6;14:1261651. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1261651. eCollection 2023. Front Microbiol. 2023. PMID: 37869652 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Mammalian ATG8 proteins maintain autophagosomal membrane integrity through ESCRTs.EMBO J. 2023 Jul 17;42(14):e112845. doi: 10.15252/embj.2022112845. Epub 2023 Jun 5. EMBO J. 2023. PMID: 37272163 Free PMC article.
-
Non-muscle MYH10/myosin IIB recruits ESCRT-III to participate in autophagosome closure to maintain neuronal homeostasis.Autophagy. 2023 Jul;19(7):2045-2061. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2169309. Epub 2023 Feb 27. Autophagy. 2023. PMID: 36849436 Free PMC article.
-
Autophagosome Biogenesis.Cells. 2023 Feb 20;12(4):668. doi: 10.3390/cells12040668. Cells. 2023. PMID: 36831335 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y. The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2011; 27:107-32; PMID:21801009; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005 - DOI - PubMed
-
- Klionsky DJ, Abeliovich H, Agostinis P, Agrawal DK, Aliev G, Askew DS, Levine B, Lieberman A, Lim KL, Lin FC, et al.. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes. Autophagy 2008; 4:151-75; PMID:18188003; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.5338 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- Lipowsky R. Remodeling of membrane compartments: some consequences of membrane fluidity. Biol Chem 2014; 395:253-74; PMID:24491948; http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2013-0244 - DOI - PubMed
-
- Kozlov MM, McMahon HT, Chernomordik LV. Protein-driven membrane stresses in fusion and fission. Trends Biochem Sci 2010; 35:699-706; PMID:20638285; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2010.06.003 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- Grafmuller A, Shillcock J, Lipowsky R. Pathway of membrane fusion with two tension-dependent energy barriers. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98; PMID:17677811; http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.218101 - DOI - PubMed
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases