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Comparative Study
. 2017 May;161(5):1334-1340.
doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.08.060. Epub 2016 Nov 30.

Quantitative comparison of operative skill using 2- and 3-dimensional monitors during laparoscopic phantom tasks

Masayasu Nishi  1 , Shingo Kanaji  2 , Yoshito Otake  3 , Hitoshi Harada  2 , Masashi Yamamoto  2 , Taro Oshikiri  2 , Tetsu Nakamura  2 , Satoshi Suzuki  2 , Yuki Suzuki  3 , Yuta Hiasa  3 , Yoshinobu Sato  3 , Yoshihiro Kakeji  2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Quantitative comparison of operative skill using 2- and 3-dimensional monitors during laparoscopic phantom tasks

Masayasu Nishi et al. Surgery. 2017 May.

Abstract

Background: The recent development of stereoscopic images using 3-dimensional monitors is expected to improve techniques for laparoscopic operation. Several studies have reported technical advantages in using 3-dimensional monitors with regard to operative accuracy and working speed, but there are few reports that analyze forceps motions by 3-dimensional optical tracking systems during standardized laparoscopic phantom tasks. We attempted to develop a 3-dimensional motion analysis system for assessing laparoscopic tasks and to clarify the efficacy of using stereoscopic images from a 3-dimensional monitor to track forceps movement during laparoscopy.

Methods: Twenty surgeons performed 3 tasks (Task 1: a simple operation by the dominant hand, Task 2: a simple operation using both hands, Task 3: a complicated operation using both hands) under 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional systems. We tracked and recorded the motion of forceps tips with an optical marker captured by a 3-dimensional position tracker. We analyzed factors such as forceps path lengths, operation times, and technical errors for each task and compared the results of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional monitors.

Results: Mean operation times and technical errors were improved significantly for all tasks performed under the 3-dimensional system compared with the 2-dimensional system; in addition, mean path lengths for the forceps tips were shorter for all tasks performed under the 3-dimensional system.

Conclusion: We found that stereoscopic images using a 3-dimensional monitor improved operative techniques with regard to increased accuracy and shorter path lengths for forceps movement, which resulted in a shorter operation time for basic phantom laparoscopic tasks.

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