Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet recommendable?
- PMID: 29541907
- PMCID: PMC5959976
- DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1636-y
Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet recommendable?
Erratum in
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Correction to: Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet recommendable?Eur J Nutr. 2019 Apr;58(3):1339. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01959-w. Eur J Nutr. 2019. PMID: 30989335 Free PMC article.
Abstract
In the past, different types of diet with a generally low-carbohydrate content (< 50-< 20 g/day) have been promoted, for weight loss and diabetes, and the effectiveness of a very low dietary carbohydrate content has always been a matter of debate. A significant reduction in the amount of carbohydrates in the diet is usually accompanied by an increase in the amount of fat and to a lesser extent, also protein. Accordingly, using the term "low carb-high fat" (LCHF) diet is most appropriate. Low/very low intakes of carbohydrate food sources may impact on overall diet quality and long-term effects of such drastic diet changes remain at present unknown. This narrative review highlights recent metabolic and clinical outcomes of studies as well as practical feasibility of low LCHF diets. A few relevant observations are as follows: (1) any diet type resulting in reduced energy intake will result in weight loss and related favorable metabolic and functional changes; (2) short-term LCHF studies show both favorable and less desirable effects; (3) sustained adherence to a ketogenic LCHF diet appears to be difficult. A non-ketogenic diet supplying 100-150 g carbohydrate/day, under good control, may be more practical. (4) There is lack of data supporting long-term efficacy, safety and health benefits of LCHF diets. Any recommendation should be judged in this light. (5) Lifestyle intervention in people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while maintaining a relative carbohydrate-rich diet, results in long-term prevention of progression to type 2 diabetes and is generally seen as safe.
Keywords: High-fat diet; Ketogenic diet; Low-carbohydrate diet; Obesity.; Type 2 diabetes.
Conflict of interest statement
This publication has been made WITHOUT any involvement of the Food Industry. The sole intention of the author is to help create transparency to the academia, public, industry and policymakers on truthful interpretation of science. The opinions expressed are based on current scientific evidence as available in scientific journals and publicly accessible. The author has no conflicts of interest.
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