Endocrine Disorders in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
- PMID: 29594260
- PMCID: PMC5865537
- DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00434
Endocrine Disorders in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Abstract
Context: Endocrine disorders are common in individuals with mitochondrial disease. To develop evidence-based screening practices in this high-risk population, updated age-stratified estimates of the prevalence of endocrine conditions are needed.
Objective: To measure the point prevalence of selected endocrine disorders in individuals with mitochondrial disease.
Design setting and patients: The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium Patient Registry is a large, prospective, physician-curated cohort study of individuals with mitochondrial disease. Participants (n = 404) are of any age, with a diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease confirmed by molecular genetic testing.
Main outcome measures: Age-specific prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal growth and sexual maturation (AGSM), hypoparathyroidism, and hypothyroidism.
Results: The majority of our sample was pediatric (<18 years; 60.1%), female (56.9%), and white (85.9%). DM affected 2% of participants aged <18 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4% to 5.7%] and 24.4% of adult participants (95% CI: 18.6% to 30.9%). DM prevalence was highest in individuals with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes syndrome (MELAS; 31.9%, of whom 86.2% had the m.3243A>G mutation). DM occurred more often with mitochondrial DNA defects (point mutations and/or deletions) than with nuclear DNA mutations (23.3% vs 3.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Other prevalence estimates were 44.1% (95% CI: 38.8% to 49.6%) for AGSM; 0.3% (95% CI: 0% to 1.6%) for hypoparathyroidism; and 6.3% (95% CI: 4% to 9.3%) for hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: DM and AGSM are highly prevalent in primary mitochondrial disease. Certain clinical mitochondrial syndromes (MELAS and Kearns-Sayre/Pearson syndrome spectrum disorders) demonstrated a higher burden of endocrinopathies. Clinical screening practices should reflect the substantial prevalence of endocrine disorders in mitochondrial disease.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; growth; hypothyroidism; mitochondrial disease.
Comment in
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Letter to the Editor: Endocrine Compromise in Mitochondrial Disorders.J Endocr Soc. 2018 May 14;2(6):570-571. doi: 10.1210/js.2018-00093. eCollection 2018 Jun 1. J Endocr Soc. 2018. PMID: 29942921 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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