Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in Africa
- PMID: 32084016
- DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11373
Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in Africa
Abstract
Introduction: Vertical transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV), resulting in congenital CMV (cCMV) infection could have disabling and potentially fatal effects on the foetus or neonate. Although primary infection probably has a higher risk of leading to cCMV, in highly seropositive populations, a significant risk of vertical transmission is thought to be due to CMV reactivation and or reinfection during pregnancy. In this narrative review, we summarise the prevalence of CMV infection and associated risk factors among pregnant African women, in a setting where primary CMV infection usually occurs during infancy.
Methodology: A systematic search of literature published between January 2000 and January 2019, retrieved on five bibliographic databases was performed. Search for relevant articles was performed using the following keywords: cytomegalovirus, CMV, infection, antenatal infections, pregnancy, pregnant women, gravidity, developing countries and Africa, with appropriate qualifiers such as OR, AND.
Results: Systematic searching retrieved 11 relevant original research papers. Prevalence of anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies ranged from 60-100% and 0-15.5%, respectively. Prevalence of CMV DNA ranged from 0-29%, depending on the specimen used. However, there was no geographic trend for CMV seroprevalence or CMV DNA prevalence across the African continent. Overall, a substantial percentage of women of reproductive-age were CMV seronegative and at risk of primary infection. Associations of sociodemographic factors with CMV infection were inconsistent across all reviewed studies.
Conclusions: The limited data and inconsistency of findings from the few studies carried out in Africa calls for prospective studies comparing prevalence and outcomes of cCMV in infants born to women with both primary and reactivated CMV in Africa.
Keywords: Cytomegalovirus; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors.
Copyright (c) 2019 Doreen Mhandire, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Kudakwashe Mhandire, Mamadou Kaba, Collet Dandara.
Conflict of interest statement
No Conflict of Interest is declared
Similar articles
-
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus shedding in seropositive pregnant women.Rev Med Virol. 2022 Nov;32(6):e2399. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2399. Epub 2022 Oct 5. Rev Med Virol. 2022. PMID: 36196755 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Natural History of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Highly Seropositive Populations.J Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 5;221(Suppl 1):S15-S22. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz443. J Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32134482 Free PMC article.
-
Cytomegalovirus Infection among Pregnant Women in Beijing: Seroepidemiological Survey and Intrauterine Transmissions.J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 May 28;27(5):1005-1009. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1612.12020. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017. PMID: 28285497
-
Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection.Rev Med Virol. 2010 Jul;20(4):202-13. doi: 10.1002/rmv.655. Rev Med Virol. 2010. PMID: 20564615 Review.
-
Maternal and neonatal prevalence of toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies and hepatitis-B antigens in an Egyptian rural area.J Trop Pediatr. 1996 Jun;42(3):154-7. doi: 10.1093/tropej/42.3.154. J Trop Pediatr. 1996. PMID: 8699582
Cited by
-
"Congenital cytomegalovirus in Sub-Saharan Africa-a narrative review with practice recommendations".Front Public Health. 2024 May 15;12:1359663. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1359663. eCollection 2024. Front Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38813410 Free PMC article. Review.
-
A seromolecular study to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus in pregnant women referred to health centers in the north of Iran.Iran J Microbiol. 2023 Aug;15(4):594-600. doi: 10.18502/ijm.v15i4.13514. Iran J Microbiol. 2023. PMID: 38045707 Free PMC article.
-
Prevalence of preconception TORCH infections and its influential factors: evidence from over 2 million women with fertility desire in southern China.BMC Womens Health. 2023 Aug 10;23(1):425. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02560-4. BMC Womens Health. 2023. PMID: 37563634 Free PMC article.
-
The burden, prevention and care of infants and children with congenital anomalies in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Jun 28;3(6):e0001850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001850. eCollection 2023. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023. PMID: 37379291 Free PMC article.
-
Screening for maternal cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in patients with liver disease: an observational study.BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 6;23(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08144-9. BMC Infect Dis. 2023. PMID: 37024831 Free PMC article.