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. 2020 Feb 28:11:181.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00181. eCollection 2020.

Response of Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities to Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate) Long-Term Monoculture Plantations

Xian Liu  1 , Yuzhe Wang  1 , Yuhui Liu  2 , Hui Chen  2 , Yalin Hu  1
Affiliations

Response of Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities to Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate) Long-Term Monoculture Plantations

Xian Liu et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Successive rotation and monoculture, as common silvicultural practices, are extensively applied worldwide, particularly in subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in southern China. Although regeneration failure and productivity decline are frequently observed in continuous monoculture plantations, the potential mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities among different generations of Chinese fir plantation (first rotation, FRP; second rotation, SRP; third rotation, TRP) and natural forest (NF) in December and June. Our results showed significant declines in richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in TRP compared with FRP and SRP, but no significant difference between FRP and SRP. The fungal phyla with high relative abundance were Basidiomycota (12.9-76.9%) and Ascomycota (14.3-52.8%), while the bacterial phyla with high relative abundance were Acidobacteria (39.1-57.7%) and Proteobacteria (21.2-39.5%) in all treatments at both sampling months. On average, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in TRP increased by 53.4%, while that of Ascomycota decreased by 37.1% compared with FRP and SRP. Moreover, soil NH4 +-N, pH, and DOC appear to be the key factors in shaping the fungal communities, while soil NH4 +-N, DOCN, and AP primarily drive the changes in bacterial communities. Collectively, our findings highlighted the alteration of soil bacterial and fungal communities induced by changes in soil nutrient environment in different generations of continuously cultivated Chinese fir plantation.

Keywords: Chinese fir plantation; Ion S5TM XL sequencing platform; bacterial community; fungal community; successive plantation.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Relative abundance of the most abundant fungal (A) and bacterial (B) groups in different plantations in June at the phyla level. Others represented unclassified groups. Data are means ± standard error (n = 4). Significant differences are indicated with distinct letters. NF, natural forest; FRP, first rotation plantation; SRP, second rotation plantation; TRP, third rotation plantation.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Relative abundance of the most abundant fungal (A) and bacterial (B) groups in different plantations in June at the genus level. Others represented unclassified groups. Data are means ± standard error (n = 4). Significant differences are indicated with distinct letters. NF, natural forest; FRP, first rotation plantation; SRP, second rotation plantation; TRP, third rotation plantation.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Non-metric multidimensional (NMDS) scaling plot of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) community structure across all soil samples in different plantations and sampling times (using combined December and June data). Stress value is indicated in the figure. Data points are from different plantations and sampling seasons (NF, natural forest; FRP, first rotation plantation; SRP, second rotation plantation; TRP, third rotation plantation; Dec, December; Jun, June).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Redundancy analysis (RDA) illustrating the effects of environmental factors (arrows) on fungal (A) and bacterial (B) community structure (symbols) across all soil samples in different plantations and sampling times (using combined December and June data). The values of axes 1 and 2 are the percentage that can be explained by the corresponding axis. Data points are from different plantations and sampling seasons (NF, natural forest; FRP, first rotation plantation; SRP, second rotation plantation; TRP, third rotation plantation; Dec, December; Jun, June).
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