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. 2020 Nov;6(4):686-694.
doi: 10.1002/vms3.277. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Bovine coronavirus in neonatal calf diarrhoea in Iran

Samad Lotfollahzadeh  1 , Omid Madadgar  2   3 , Mohammad Reza Mohebbi  1 , Mohammad Reza Mokhber Dezfouli  1 , David George Watson  4
Affiliations

Bovine coronavirus in neonatal calf diarrhoea in Iran

Samad Lotfollahzadeh et al. Vet Med Sci. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Partial gene sequencing for the bovine coronavirus at the World Genebank is available for many countries, which are distributed unevenly in five continents, but so far, no sequencing of strains has been recorded in Iran. One hundred ninety-four stool samples from calves with diarrhoea less than one-month old were collected from five different geographical regions of country in order to detect coronavirus and characterize it if coronavirus was found. Samples were screened for the presence of BCoV by using a commercially available ELISA kit. Furthermore, RT-PCR was carried out on positive samples for confirmation of the presence of N and S specific genes. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out following RT-PCR tests. 7.2% of samples, were positive for BCoV and all stool samples from the South-West, Northeast and West regions of Iran were negative. The results showed that all the strains of coronavirus identified in Iran were completely in independent clusters and that they did not stand in the same cluster as any of the strains identified in other parts of the world. The strains from Iran were quite different from strains in other parts of the world but from the point of similarity these viruses showed some similarities to the European strains, such as those found in France, Croatia, Denmark and Sweden.

Keywords: Iran; Phylogenetic analysis; RT-PCR; bovine coronavirus; calf diarrhoea.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of Iran and 10 provinces were targeted for sampling based on their dairy farms’ density and geographical significance. Considering of climate condition and geographical distance, five distinct geographical areas were defined, and the provinces from which sampling occurred were divided into these areas; the North area namely the south of Alborz mountain ranges area (including Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin), the Northeast area (including Mashahd and Gorgan), the Central area of Iran (including Saveh, Qom and Isfahan), the Southwest area (Ahvaz) and finally the West area (including Kermanshah)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evolutionary relationships of taxa, Maximum Likelihood tree based on partial length of the nocleucapsid gene, Isolates from this study are represented by a filled circle (●). The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour‐Joining method. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.13257831 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evolutionary relationships of taxa, Maximum Likelihood tree based on partial length of the spike gene, Isolates from this study are represented by a filled circle (●). The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour‐Joining method. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.13257831 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches
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