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. 2020 Jun 8:19:762-772.
doi: 10.17179/excli2019-2069. eCollection 2020.

Aerobic training and hydroalcoholic extracts of green tea improve pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance and histopathological score in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced prostate cancer model of rat

Zakaria Vahabzadeh  1   2 , Mohammadraman Molodi  3   4 , Bahram Nikkho  5 , Marziyeh Saghebjoo  6 , Saber Saedmocheshi  6 , Fatemeh Zamani  3 , Yazdan Roshani  2 , Sina Babanzadeh  2
Affiliations

Aerobic training and hydroalcoholic extracts of green tea improve pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance and histopathological score in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced prostate cancer model of rat

Zakaria Vahabzadeh et al. EXCLI J. .

Abstract

Green tea is a main resource for catechins. Catechins as antioxidant compounds reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and they have a protective role in the development of cancer. As well as, aerobic exercise change free radicals with two contradictory mechanisms. Aerobic training promotes excessive production of free radicals resulting in oxidative stress. In contrast, it increases the total antioxidant capacity. In this study, effect of aerobic training and hydroalcoholic extract of green tea (HEGT) on the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and histopathological score of cancerous tissue in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced prostate cancer was investigated. A rat model of prostate cancer was induced by hormonal change and N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). HEGT 0.1 % and 45 min of aerobic exercise in 5 days a week for eight weeks were scheduled. The presence of major catechins was approved using GC-MS. Histological study, PAB and PSA levels were used to monitor the preventive role of treatments. The prostate weights of cancerous rats were significantly higher than healthy controls (P<0.05). The PAB was only significantly higher in cancerous rats and cancerous rats receiving aerobic exercise (P<0.05). The mean of histological score of cancerous tissue was reduced in rat receiving HEGT and both HEGT and aerobic exercise. The amounts of PSA level did not significantly differ between the groups of this study (P>0.05). Our results provided laboratory and histological documentation for the preventive role of green tea extract in developing prostate cancer via its potential to re-establish the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance.

Keywords: Camellia sinensis; aerobic exercise; pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance; prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen.

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Figures

Table 1
Table 1. The histopathological scoring of cancerous prostate
Table 2
Table 2. The prostate and body weight of the different groups of study
Figure 1
Figure 1. The original microscopic images for histology results of prostate. Grade 0: Normal epithelium. Grade 1: hyperplasia; Simple flat lesions. Grade 2: hyperplasia; Papillary or cribriform structures. Grade 3: hyperplasia; Papillary or cribriform lesions which protrude into lumen. Grade 4: adenoma; Lesions in which the lumen of acinus is completely filled with epithelium. Grade 5: adenoma; Lesion with a distinct epithelial mass within the lumen. Grade 6: adenocarcinoma, unwell differentiated epithelium with local invasion seems in the lesion.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in different groups of treated rat. CON: Healthy normal rats; PC: Rats with induced prostate cancer; PC+GTE: Rats with induced prostate cancer that received 0.1 % green tea extract. PC+EXR: Rats with induced prostate cancer that were forced to perform aerobic exercise. PC+GTE+EXR: Rats with induced prostate cancer that received 0.1% green tea extract and were forced to perform aerobic exercise simultaneously. Sham: Healthy normal rats that received an injection of physiological slaine solution as well as 1 ml of that solution as gavage. Values are mean ± standard error of eight animals. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in different groups of treated rat. CON: Healthy normal rats; PC: Rats with induced prostate cancer; PC+GTE: Rats with induced prostate cancer that received 0.1 % green tea extract. PC+EXR: Rats with induced prostate cancer that were forced to perform aerobic exercise. PC+GTE+EXR: Rats with induced prostate cancer that received 0.1 % green tea extract and were forced to perform aerobic exercise simultaneously. Sham: Healthy normal rats that received an injection of physiological saline solution as well as 1 ml of that solution as gavage. Values are mean ± standard error of eight animals. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. * shows P<0.05 in comparison with normal rats of CON.
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