Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake is Inversely Associated with Sarcopenic Obesity in Women but not in Men, Based on the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

doi:10.3390/jcm9123856

. 2020 Nov 27;9(12):3856.

doi: 10.3390/jcm9123856.

Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake is Inversely Associated with Sarcopenic Obesity in Women but not in Men, Based on the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Woojung Yang¹, Jae-Woo Lee¹, Yonghwan Kim¹, Jong Hun Lee², Hee-Taik Kang^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
² Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
³ Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea.

PMID: 33260970
PMCID: PMC7761316
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123856

Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake is Inversely Associated with Sarcopenic Obesity in Women but not in Men, Based on the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Woojung Yang et al. J Clin Med. 2020.

. 2020 Nov 27;9(12):3856.

doi: 10.3390/jcm9123856.

Authors

Woojung Yang¹, Jae-Woo Lee¹, Yonghwan Kim¹, Jong Hun Lee², Hee-Taik Kang^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
² Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
³ Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea.

PMID: 33260970
PMCID: PMC7761316
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123856

Abstract

(1) Background: Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3FAs) are known to improve protein anabolism, increase the sensitivity to anabolic stimuli, decrease lipogenesis, and stimulate lipid oxidation. We aim to investigate whether ω3FAs are associated with the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO). (2) Methods: Data were obtained from the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The ratio of daily ω3FA intake to energy intake (ω3FA ratio) was categorized into four quartile groups. (3) Results: The prevalence of SO from Q1 to Q4 was 8.9%, 11.3%, 11.0%, and 9.8% respectively, in men and 17.4%, 14.0%, 13.9%, and 10.1% respectively, in women. The ω3FA ratio in individuals with and without SO were 1.0% and 0.9% in men (p-value = 0.271) respectively, and 0.8% and 1.0% in women (p-value = 0.017), respectively. Compared with Q1, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of Q2, Q3, and Q4 of ω3FA ratios were 1.563 (0.802-3.047), 1.246 (0.611-2.542), and 0.924 (0.458-1.864) respectively, in men and 0.663 (0.379-1.160), 0.640 (0.372-1.102), and 0.246 (0.113-0.534) respectively, in women, after fully adjusting for confounding factors. (4) Conclusions: The ω3FA ratio was significantly higher in older females without SO than in older females with SO. The ω3FA ratio was associated with the prevalence of SO in elderly females.

Keywords: omega-3 fatty acid ratio; omega-3 fatty acids; sarcopenia; sarcopenic obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity according to quartile group of omega-3 fatty acid ratio.

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References

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[1] Saini A., Sharples A.P., Al-Shanti N., Stewart C.E. Omega-3 fatty acid EPA improves regenerative capacity of mouse skeletal muscle cells exposed to saturated fat and inflammation. Biogerontology. 2017;18:109–129. doi: 10.1007/s10522-016-9667-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Saini A., Sharples A.P., Al-Shanti N., Stewart C.E. Omega-3 fatty acid EPA improves regenerative capacity of mouse skeletal muscle cells exposed to saturated fat and inflammation. Biogerontology. 2017;18:109–129. doi: 10.1007/s10522-016-9667-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Kim T.N., Yang S.J., Yoo H.J., Lim K.I., Kang H.J., Song W., Seo J.A., Kim S.G., Kim N.H., Baik S.H., et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: The Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS) Nat. Précéd. 2009;33:885–892. doi: 10.1038/npre.2009.2915.1. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Kim T.N., Yang S.J., Yoo H.J., Lim K.I., Kang H.J., Song W., Seo J.A., Kim S.G., Kim N.H., Baik S.H., et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: The Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS) Nat. Précéd. 2009;33:885–892. doi: 10.1038/npre.2009.2915.1. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Riechman S.E., Schoen R.E., Weissfeld J.L., Thaete F.L., Hamman R.F. Association of Physical Activity and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Older Women and Men. Obes. Res. 2002;10:1065–1073. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.144. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Riechman S.E., Schoen R.E., Weissfeld J.L., Thaete F.L., Hamman R.F. Association of Physical Activity and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Older Women and Men. Obes. Res. 2002;10:1065–1073. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.144. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Wannamethee S.G., Atkins J.L. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Volume 74. Cambridge University Press (CUP); Cambridge, UK: 2015. Muscle loss and obesity: The health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; pp. 405–412. - PubMed

[8] Wannamethee S.G., Atkins J.L. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Volume 74. Cambridge University Press (CUP); Cambridge, UK: 2015. Muscle loss and obesity: The health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; pp. 405–412. - PubMed

[9] Gingras A.-A., White P.J., Chouinard P.Y., Julien P., Davis T.A., Dombrowski L., Couture Y., Dubreuil P., Myre A., Bergeron K., et al. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids regulate bovine whole-body protein metabolism by promoting muscle insulin signalling to the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway and insulin sensitivity. J. Physiol. 2007;579:269–284. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121079. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Gingras A.-A., White P.J., Chouinard P.Y., Julien P., Davis T.A., Dombrowski L., Couture Y., Dubreuil P., Myre A., Bergeron K., et al. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids regulate bovine whole-body protein metabolism by promoting muscle insulin signalling to the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway and insulin sensitivity. J. Physiol. 2007;579:269–284. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121079. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake is Inversely Associated with Sarcopenic Obesity in Women but not in Men, Based on the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Affiliations

Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake is Inversely Associated with Sarcopenic Obesity in Women but not in Men, Based on the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Abstract

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