Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

doi:10.3390/cells10010027

Review

. 2020 Dec 25;10(1):27.

doi: 10.3390/cells10010027.

Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

Jacek Baj¹, Alicja Forma², Monika Sitarz³, Piero Portincasa⁴, Gabriella Garruti⁵, Danuta Krasowska⁶, Ryszard Maciejewski¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland.
² Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
³ Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
⁴ Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
⁵ Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
⁶ Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.

PMID: 33375694
PMCID: PMC7824444
DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027

Review

Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

Jacek Baj et al. Cells. 2020.

. 2020 Dec 25;10(1):27.

doi: 10.3390/cells10010027.

Authors

Jacek Baj¹, Alicja Forma², Monika Sitarz³, Piero Portincasa⁴, Gabriella Garruti⁵, Danuta Krasowska⁶, Ryszard Maciejewski¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland.
² Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
³ Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
⁴ Clinica Medica "Augusto Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
⁵ Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
⁶ Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.

PMID: 33375694
PMCID: PMC7824444
DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027

Abstract

Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.

Keywords: BabA; DupA; Helicobacter pylori; OpiA; SabA; cagA; pathogenicity; urease; vacA; virulence factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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References

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[1] Ishaq S., Nunn L. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: A state of the art review. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench. 2015;8:S6–S14. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Ishaq S., Nunn L. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: A state of the art review. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench. 2015;8:S6–S14. - PMC - PubMed

[3] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC; Lyon, France: 1994. pp. 1–241. - PMC - PubMed

[4] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC; Lyon, France: 1994. pp. 1–241. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Burucoa C., Axon A. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2017;22:e12403. doi: 10.1111/hel.12403. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Burucoa C., Axon A. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2017;22:e12403. doi: 10.1111/hel.12403. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Pucułek M., Machlowska J., Wierzbicki R., Baj J., Maciejewski R., Sitarz R. Helicobacter pylori associated factors in the development of gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. Oncotarget. 2018;9:31146–31162. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25757. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Pucułek M., Machlowska J., Wierzbicki R., Baj J., Maciejewski R., Sitarz R. Helicobacter pylori associated factors in the development of gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. Oncotarget. 2018;9:31146–31162. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25757. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Ansari S., Yamaoka Y. Survival of Helicobacter pylori in gastric acidic territory. Helicobacter. 2017;22:e12386. doi: 10.1111/hel.12386. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Ansari S., Yamaoka Y. Survival of Helicobacter pylori in gastric acidic territory. Helicobacter. 2017;22:e12386. doi: 10.1111/hel.12386. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

Affiliations

Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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