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Multicenter Study
. 2021 Jan 22;18(3):939.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030939.

Identification of Nutritional Targets in Spanish Children Belonging to the LAyDI Cohort for the Development of Health Promotion Strategies in the First Two Years of Life

María Gómez-Martín  1   2 , Begoña Domínguez  3   4 , Miguel Gueimonde  2   5 , Sonia González  1   2
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Identification of Nutritional Targets in Spanish Children Belonging to the LAyDI Cohort for the Development of Health Promotion Strategies in the First Two Years of Life

María Gómez-Martín et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The first 1000 days of life seem to represent the temporal window of opportunity for modulating some of the risk factors associated with the later development of pathologies. Nonetheless, the dietary pattern and nutritional status of children receiving complementary feeding is still understudied. We aimed to assess the food intake in children from the LAyDI cohort (Spain) at 18 and 24 months of age and evaluate this in relation to nutrient requirements and bioactive compound consumption. This was a prospective and multicenter study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 426 children of 18 months and 336 of 24 months. The observed intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and eggs was lower than the recommendations in both periods, contrary to the consumption of meat, fish, and pulses. The consumption of energy and macronutrients was similar for all ages studied, with protein intake being slightly higher than the recommended values. Regarding micronutrients, practically the whole sample fell below the vitamin D requirements. In addition, the estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and iron, at 24 months, were below the recommended values for this population group. The mean intake of phenols was around 650 mg/day. Flavanol intake as well as both types of fiber decreased from 18 to 24 months. In conclusion, although these results have to be confirmed in other populations, it seems pertinent to propose the design of nutritional strategies aimed at increasing the intake of vitamins D and E as well as iron in Spanish children up to 2 years.

Keywords: children; dietary pattern; nutrient intake; nutritional targets; vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adherence to dietary recommendations in the sample. D, day. W, week.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of the total energy intake provided by each macronutrient in the sample by region at 18 and 24 months. Mean daily energy intake at 18 months: total sample 1093.4 kcal; north Spain 1067.8 kcal; central Spain 1122.6 kcal; south Spain 1122.2 kcal; the islands 1053.9 kcal. Mean daily energy intake at 24 months: total sample 1094.2 kcal; north Spain 1093.30 kcal; central Spain 1117.6 kcal; south Spain 1083.2 kcal; the islands 1064.7 kcal.
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