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. 2020 Nov;35(8):839-851.
doi: 10.1007/s10896-020-00141-9. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Reasons for and Experiences of Sexual Assault Nondisclosure in a Diverse Community Sample

Sarah E Ullman  1 , Erin O'Callaghan  1 , Veronica Shepp  1 , Casey Harris  1
Affiliations

Reasons for and Experiences of Sexual Assault Nondisclosure in a Diverse Community Sample

Sarah E Ullman et al. J Fam Violence. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Purpose: After a sexual assault (SA), victims often disclose their SA to an informal support provider (SP) to receive social support; however, many survivors do not disclose or wait months or years to tell anyone. While research exists on disclosure, social reactions of informal SPs to disclosure, and how those reactions affect the victim both positively and negatively, little research exists on reasons for and impact of adult SA survivors' nondisclosure to informal social network members.

Method: This qualitative interview study examined 42 ethnically diverse women who had disclosed SA to an informal SP (e.g., friend, family, significant other). For this study, nondisclosure of SA mentioned by survivors was examined.

Results: Various reasons for not telling people in their lives and/or delaying doing so were uncovered including fear of negative social reactions, lack of perceived available support and fear of burdening others, family and social norms expectations, and anticipated problematic gendered responses by both men (e.g., violence) and women (e.g., overwhelmed) SPs.

Conclusions: Implications for future SA disclosure research and supporting survivors in their choice to selectively/not disclose are discussed.

Keywords: informal support providers; nondisclosure; sexual assault; survivors.

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