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. 2022 Apr;50(2):83-90.
doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12633. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Association between serum arsenic and oral cancer risk: A case-control study in southeast China

Qing Chen  1   2 , Yu Qiu  3 , Lin Chen  1   2 , Jing Lin  1   2 , Ling-Jun Yan  1   2 , Xiao-Dan Bao  1   2 , Li-Song Lin  3 , Li-Zhen Pan  3 , Bin Shi  3 , Xiao-Yan Zheng  3 , Fa Chen  1   2 , Bao-Chang He  1   2 , Jing Wang  4 , Feng-Qiong Liu  1   2
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Association between serum arsenic and oral cancer risk: A case-control study in southeast China

Qing Chen et al. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Objectives: Evidence on serum arsenic and oral cancer risk was limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum arsenic and the risk of oral cancer in a southeast China population.

Methods: Serum arsenic was determined for 325 oral cancer patients and 648 controls using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were analysed the association between serum arsenic level and oral cancer risk, and crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Factors adjusted for included age, gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, education, residence, marital status and dietary factors. Stratification analysis was further performed according to drinking, smoking and dietary characteristics.

Results: Serum arsenic level was lower in the case group (P50 = 19.2μg/L, IQR = 11.6 ~ 26.4μg/L) than in the control group (P50 = 30.2 μg/L, IQR = 25.0 ~ 36.4 μg/L). An inverse but nonlinear association was observed between arsenic level and oral cancer risk by restricted cubic spline. These with moderate serum arsenic levels had a lower risk of oral cancer than those with low levels (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.07-0.18), after adjusting for demographic and dietary intake factors. We also kept serum arsenic as a continuous variable in a regression model, where a similar inverse association between arsenic and oral cancer was observed, with OR = 0.86 (95%CI: 0.84-0.88). Stratification analysis revealed no significant multiplicative interactions between serum arsenic and smoking, drinking or dietary intake.

Conclusion: Serum arsenic is inversely related to oral cancer risk. Relative to those with low levels of arsenic, people with moderate serum arsenic levels had a lower risk of oral cancer. If confirmed, serum arsenic level may be a useful predictive marker for oral cancer risk.

Keywords: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; oral cancer; restricted cubic spline; serum arsenic.

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