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Review
. 2021 Oct 22;9(11):1230.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111230.

Chimeric Vaccines Based on Novel Insect-Specific Flaviviruses

Jessica J Harrison  1 , Jody Hobson-Peters  1 , Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann  1   2 , Roy A Hall  1
Affiliations
Review

Chimeric Vaccines Based on Novel Insect-Specific Flaviviruses

Jessica J Harrison et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Vector-borne flaviviruses are responsible for nearly half a billion human infections worldwide each year, resulting in millions of cases of debilitating and severe diseases and approximately 115,000 deaths. While approved vaccines are available for some of these viruses, the ongoing efficacy, safety and supply of these vaccines are still a significant problem. New technologies that address these issues and ideally allow for the safe and economical manufacture of vaccines in resource-poor countries where flavivirus vaccines are in most demand are urgently required. Preferably a new vaccine platform would be broadly applicable to all flavivirus diseases and provide new candidate vaccines for those diseases not yet covered, as well as the flexibility to rapidly pivot to respond to newly emerged flavivirus diseases. Here, we review studies conducted on novel chimeric vaccines derived from insect-specific flaviviruses that provide a potentially safe and simple system to produce highly effective vaccines against a broad spectrum of flavivirus diseases.

Keywords: Binjari virus; Japanese encephalitis; West Nile virus disease; Zika; chimeric virus; dengue; flavivirus; insect-specific flavivirus; vaccine platform; yellow fever.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.J.H., J.H.-P., H.B.-O. and R.A.H. are inventors on a patent (WO/2018/176075) covering the Binjari technology.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dendrogram of flavivirus phylogenetic relationships using a maximum-likelihood model and complete amino acid sequences. Sequences were derived using the following GenBank accession numbers: Aedes flavivirus (AEFV AB488408), Alfuy virus (ALFV AY898809), Bamaga virus (BgV KU308380), Binjari virus (BinJV MG587038), Barkedji virus (BJV KC496020), cell fusing agent virus (CFAV KJ741267), Chaoyang virus (CHAOV JQ308185), Culex theileri flavivirus (CTFV HE574574), Culex flavivirus (CxFV AB262759), dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1 U88536), dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2 U87411), dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3 AY099336), dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4 AF326825), Donggang virus (DONV NC_016997), Edge Hill virus (EHV DQ859060), Ecuador Paraiso Escondido virus (EPEV NC_027999), Gadgets Gully virus (GGYV DQ235145), Hanko virus (HANKV NC_030401), Hidden Valley virus (HVV MN954647), Ilomantsi virus (ILOV KC734549), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV NC_001437), Kokobera virus (KOKV AY632541), Kampung Karu virus (KPKV KY320648), Karumba virus (KRBV NC_035118), Kamiti River virus (KRV AY149905), Lammi virus (LAMV KC692068), Louping ill virus (LIV Y07863), Long Pine Key virus (LPKV KY290256), Mac Peak virus (McPV NC_035187), Modoc virus (MODV AJ242984), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV AF161266), Nakiwogo virus (NAKV NC_030400), Nanay virus (NANV MF139575), Nhumirim virus (NHUV KJ210048), Nienokoue virus (NIEV JQ957875), New Mapoon virus (NMV KC788512), Nounane virus (NOUV EU159426), Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV AY193805), Parramatta River virus (PaRV KT192549), Palm Creek virus (PCV KC505248), Powassan virus (POWV L06436), Quang Binh virus (QBV FJ644291), Rio Bravo virus (RBV NC_003675), Sepik virus (SEPV DQ837642), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV DQ525916), Spondweni virus (SPOV DQ859064), Saumarez Reef virus (SREV DQ235150), Stratford virus (STRV KM225263), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV U27495), Uganda S virus (UGSV DQ859065), West Nile virus (WNV KY229074), Wesselsbron virus (WSLV JN226796), yellow fever virus (YFV X03700) and Zika virus (ZIKV AY632535).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Insect-specific flaviviruses detected and isolated in Australian mosquitoes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic of the CPER strategy to generate infectious DNA of chimeric BinJ/VIF-prME viruses. BinJ/VIF-prME chimeric viruses are generated by amplifying DNA fragments that share overlapping terminal regions before annealing together in CPER and transfecting mosquito cells with the reaction. Figure adapted from [69].
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