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. 2022 Jul;16(4):726-739.
doi: 10.1111/irv.12960. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

Genetic characterization of influenza A virus subtypes H11N6, H11N7, and H11N9 isolated from free-grazing ducks, Thailand

Supassama Chaiyawong  1   2 , Kamonpan Charoenkul  1   2 , Kitikhun Udom  1   2 , Ekkapat Chamsai  1   2 , Waleemas Jairak  1   2 , Supanat Boonyapisitsopa  2   3 , Napawan Bunpapong  2   3 , Alongkorn Amonsin  1   2
Affiliations

Genetic characterization of influenza A virus subtypes H11N6, H11N7, and H11N9 isolated from free-grazing ducks, Thailand

Supassama Chaiyawong et al. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) infect avian species and several mammalian species including humans. Anseriformes water birds are an important reservoir of IAVs. In this study, we identified and characterized IAV subtypes H11N6 (n = 5), H11N7 (n = 3), and H11N9 (n = 3) isolated during the influenza surveillance program in free-grazing ducks from 2012 to 2015 in Thailand. Eleven IAV-H11 viruses were characterized by either whole genome sequencing (n = 5) or HA and NA gene sequencing (n = 6) for phylogenetic and amino acid analyses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai IAV-H11 were grouped into Avian Eurasian lineage. Amino acid analysis showed that all Thai IAV-H11 viruses have low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) characteristics and sensitive to Oseltamivir and Amantadine. Novel reassortant viruses (IAV-H11N7 and IAV-H11N9) have been observed. The reassortant viruses contained NP, M, and NS gene segments which originate from intercontinental sources which never been reported in Thai IAVs. In summary, this study demonstrated high genetic diversity of IAV-H11 circulating in free-grazing ducks. Free-grazing ducks infected with IAVs generated novel reassortant IAV-H11. Thus, surveillance of IAVs in free-grazing ducks should be routinely conducted to monitor novel reassortant viruses and subsequently potential virulence viruses.

Keywords: H11N6; H11N7; H11N9; characterization; ducks; influenza.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Map of Thailand and provinces where the Thai IAV‐H11 were isolated in this study
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Phylogenetic tree of H11 gene of Thai IAV‐H11. The phylogenetic tree was generated by the neighbor‐joining algorithm with 1000 replications of bootstrap analysis by using the MEGA7.0 program. Red circle represents IAV‐H11N6, red square represents IAV‐H11N9 (subgroup 1), blue square represents IAV‐H11N9 (subgroup 2), and green triangles represent IAV‐H11N7
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
(A) Phylogenetic tree of N6 gene of Thai IAV‐H11. (B) Phylogenetic tree of N7 gene of Thai IAV‐H11. (C) Phylogenetic tree of N9 gene of Thai IAV‐H11. The phylogenetic tree was generated by the neighbor‐joining algorithm with 1000 replications of bootstrap analysis by using the MEGA7.0 program. Red circle represents IAV‐H11N6, red square represents IAV‐H11N9 (subgroup 1), blue square represents IAV‐H11N9 (subgroup 2), and green triangles represent IAV‐H11N7
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Phylogenetic tree of internal gene segments of Thai IAV‐H11. The phylogenetic tree was generated by the neighbor‐joining algorithm with 1000 replications of bootstrap analysis by using the MEGA7.0 program. Red circle represents IAV‐H11N6, red square represents IAV‐H11N9 (subgroup 1), blue square represents IAV‐H11N9 (subgroup 2), and green triangles represent IAV‐H11N7
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