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Review
. 2022 Jun:296:133948.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133948. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: An overeview

Manthar Ali Mallah  1 , Li Changxing  2 , Mukhtiar Ali Mallah  3 , Sobia Noreen  4 , Yang Liu  1 , Muhammad Saeed  5 , He Xi  1 , Bilal Ahmed  6 , Feifei Feng  1 , Ali Asghar Mirjat  7 , Wei Wang  8 , Abdul Jabar  9 , Muhammad Naveed  6 , Jian-Hua Li  10 , Qiao Zhang  11
Affiliations
Review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: An overeview

Manthar Ali Mallah et al. Chemosphere. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals of considerable environmental significance. PAHs are chemical contaminants of fused carbon and hydrogen aromatic rings, basically white, light-yellow, or solid compounds without color. Natural sources of pollution are marginal or less significant, such as volcanic eruptions, natural forest fires, and moorland fires that trigger lightning bursts. The significant determinants of PAH pollution are anthropogenic pollution sources, classified into four groups, i.e., industrial, mobile, domestic, and agricultural pollution sources. Humans can consume PAHs via different routes, such as inhalation, dermal touch, and ingestion. The Effect of PAHs on human health is primarily based on the duration and route of exposure, the volume or concentration of PAHs to which one is exposed, and the relative toxicity of PAHs. Many PAHs are widely referred to as carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens and thus pose a significant danger to human health and the well-being of humans. Skin, lung, pancreas, esophagus, bladder, colon, and female breast are numerous organs prone to tumor development due to long-term PAH exposure. PAH exposure may increase the risk of lung cancer as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction (MI). Preclinical studies have found a relationship between PAH exposure, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis. In addition, investigations have discovered a relationship between PAH exposure at work and CVD illness and mortality development. This review aims to explain PAH briefly, its transportation, its effects on human health, and a relationship between environmental exposures to PAHs and CVD risk in humans.

Keywords: Atmospheric pollution; Carcinogenicity; Cardiovascular diseases; Chemical contaminants; Environmental exposure; Genotoxicity; Health effects; Human health; Immunotoxicity; PAH pollution; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

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