Muscle damage and endurance events
- PMID: 3529285
- DOI: 10.2165/00007256-198603050-00006
Muscle damage and endurance events
Abstract
Intensive training for and competition in endurance events like the marathon are accompanied by injury to fibres in the active skeletal muscles. Evidence for the injury comes from the increases in intramuscular enzymes and myoglobin found in the blood following the exercise, from the subjective sensation of soreness in the muscles in the post-exercise period, and from direct histological examination of samples of the damaged muscles. Histological studies demonstrate that some muscle fibres undergo degenerative changes following the exercise; the necrosis is accomplished by macrophages and other phagocytic cells that invade the injured cells and the adjacent interstitium. Following the degeneration the fibers appear to be regenerated so that there is not a net loss of fibres. Precisely what initiates the cellular damage is not known, but hypotheses suggested include, 'metabolic overload' and 'mechanical strain'. Eccentric contractions are known to cause the greater amount of damage in muscles, which suggests that high local tensions in fibres may be more important than metabolic considerations in the aetiology of the injury. Training reduces the magnitude of the damage that occurs in response to a given exercise task, although competitors in endurance events may demonstrate chronic muscle injury because of increasing training intensities. Other than training, there is no compelling evidence that any drug treatment or preventative measures will lessen this form of injury.
Similar articles
-
Effect of training on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993 Oct;75(4):1545-51. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1545. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993. PMID: 8282602
-
Exercise-induced muscle pain, soreness, and cramps.J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994 Sep;34(3):203-16. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994. PMID: 7830383 Review.
-
Eccentric exercise-induced injury to rat skeletal muscle.J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Jan;54(1):80-93. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.54.1.80. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983. PMID: 6826426
-
Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984 Dec;16(6):529-38. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984. PMID: 6392811 Review.
-
Muscle injury and exercise stress measured with 31-P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;315:197-207. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989. PMID: 2798487
Cited by
-
Vortex formation time in female athletes.Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024 Feb;40(2):373-384. doi: 10.1007/s10554-023-02995-8. Epub 2023 Nov 27. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024. PMID: 38008878 Free PMC article.
-
Altered Circulating MicroRNA Profiles After Endurance Training: A Cohort Study of Ultramarathon Runners.Front Physiol. 2022 Jan 25;12:792931. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.792931. eCollection 2021. Front Physiol. 2022. PMID: 35145424 Free PMC article.
-
One hundred marathons in 100 days: Unique biomechanical signature and the evolution of force characteristics and bone density.J Sport Health Sci. 2022 May;11(3):347-357. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.03.009. Epub 2021 Mar 26. J Sport Health Sci. 2022. PMID: 33775883 Free PMC article.
-
Pathophysiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and its structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical consequences.Physiol Res. 2020 Aug 31;69(4):565-598. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934371. Epub 2020 Jul 16. Physiol Res. 2020. PMID: 32672048 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Acute kidney injury associated with endurance events-is it a cause for concern? A systematic review.BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2017 Jun 14;3(1):e000093. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000093. eCollection 2017. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2017. PMID: 29259804 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical