Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jun 30;11(13):1738.
doi: 10.3390/plants11131738.

The Content of Certain Groups of Phenolic Compounds and the Biological Activity of Extracts of Various Halophyte Parts of Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. and Glaux maritima L. at Different Levels of Soil Salinization

Artem Pungin  1 , Lidia Lartseva  1 , Violetta Loskutnikova  1 , Vladislav Shakhov  1 , Olesya Krol  1 , Elena Popova  1 , Andrey Kolomiets  1 , Nadezhda Nikolaeva  1 , Aleksandra Volodina  1
Affiliations

The Content of Certain Groups of Phenolic Compounds and the Biological Activity of Extracts of Various Halophyte Parts of Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. and Glaux maritima L. at Different Levels of Soil Salinization

Artem Pungin et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Halophyte plants are known for their resistance to harsh environmental conditions associated with excess salts in their habitats. Their resistance to salinization is due, among other things, to their high ability to detoxify free radicals, owing to the relatively high content of antioxidants. On the coast of the Baltic Sea and in the lagoons, there are several rare halophyte species included in the Red Book of the Kaliningrad Region (Russia) and the Baltic region, such as Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. and Glaux maritima L. The aim of the research was to study the accumulation of certain groups of phenolic compounds in different parts of S. marina and G. maritima plants under conditions of weak and strong soil salinity, as well as to analyze the antioxidant, antibacterial, and fungicidal activity of extracts of the studied plant species. The present study showed an increase in total phenolic content in the roots and shoots of S. marina, and the shoots of G. maritima, in response to increased soil salinity. At the same time, the total content of flavonoids in all the studied parts of the two plant species remained unchanged. However, the content of individual flavonoids (hesperetin, epicatechin, apigenin derivative, luteolin derivative) in S. marina increased, for G. maritima there was a tendency to reduce the content of flavonoids in roots and shoots with an increase in soil salinity. There was an increase in the total content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the roots of Glaux maritima, as well as an increase in the content of protocatechuic acid in the roots and shoots of Spergularia marina. A positive relationship was established between the antioxidant activity of S. marina root extracts and the total content of phenolic compounds, as well as G. maritima shoots extracts and the total content of phenolic compounds. Extracts of S. marina showed no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and weak fungicidal activity of stem extracts and inflorescences grown on soils, with high levels of salinities, was detected against Candida albicans. The extracts of roots and shoots from G. maritima showed weak antimicrobial and fungicidal activity.

Keywords: Glaux maritima; Spergularia marina; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; flavonoids; fungicidal activity; halophytes; hydroxycinnamic acids; secondary metabolites; soil salinization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Chromatographic profile of the phenolic acids and flavonoids at 254 nm for different parts of the Spergularia marina: roots in slight (a) and strong (b) soil salinity, shoots in slight (c) and strong (d) soil salinity, inflorescence in slight (e) and strong (f) soil salinity. 1—3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 2—catechin; 3—chlorogenic acid; 4—luteolin derivative; 5—epicatechin; 6–12—apigenin derivative; 13, 14—tricin derivative; 15—chicoric acid; 16—tricin derivative; 17—rosmarinic acid; 18—hesperetin; NI—not identified.
Figure A2
Figure A2
Chromatographic profile of the phenolic acids and flavonoids at 254 nm for different parts of the Glaux maritima: roots in slight (a) and strong (b) soil salinity, shoots in slight (c) and strong (d) soil salinity. 1—3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 2—catechin; 3—chlorogenic acid; 4—quercetin derivative; 5—kaempferol derivative; 6—ferulic acid; 7, 8—kaempferol derivative; 9—quercetin derivative; 10—quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside; 11, 12, 13—quercetin derivative; 14—p-coumaric acid; 15, 16—quercetin derivative; 17—hyperoside; 18—quercetin 3-O-rutinoside; 19—kaempferol 3-O-glucoside; NI—not identified.
Figure 1
Figure 1
The total content of phenolic compounds in different parts of the studied plants of S. marina and G. maritima at different levels of soil salinization. Different letters indicate significant differences among the different levels of soil salinity (t-test, p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The total content of flavonoids in different parts of the studied plants of S. marina and G. maritima at different levels of soil salinization. Different letters indicate significant differences among the different levels of soil salinity (t-test, p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Total hydroxycinnamic acids in roots (a) and shoots (b) of G. maritima at different levels of soil salinization. Different letters indicate significant differences among the different levels of soil salinity (t-test, p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antioxidant activity (DPPH) of extracts from different parts of the studied plants of S. marina and G. maritima at different levels of soil salinization. Different letters indicate significant differences among the different levels of soil salinity (t-test, p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Map showing the growth sites of S. marina and G. maritima.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Cragg G.M., Newman D.J. Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. 2013;1830:3670–3695. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Salehi B., Azzini E., Zucca P., Varoni E.M., Kumar N.V.A., Dini L., Panzarini E., Rajkovic J., Fokou P.V.T., Peluso I., et al. Plant-Derived Bioactives and Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders: A Key Trend towards Healthy Aging and Longevity Promotion. Appl. Sci. 2020;10:947. doi: 10.3390/app10030947. - DOI
    1. Zehiroglu C., Ozturk Sarikaya S.B. The importance of antioxidants and place in today’s scientific and technological studies. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2019;56:4757–4774. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03952-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lobo V., Patil A., Phatak A., Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn. Rev. 2010;4:118. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang S., Lian G. ROS and diseases: Role in metabolism and energy supply. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2020;467:1–12. doi: 10.1007/s11010-019-03667-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources

-