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. 2022;6(2):80-92.
doi: 10.26502/fjppr.053. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Edible Green Solvent for Optimized Catechins Extraction from Green Tea Leaves: Anti-Hypercholesterolemia

Kazutoshi Fujioka  1 , Taher A Salaheldin  1 , Kavitha Godugu  1 , Harold V Meyers  2 , Shaker A Mousa  1
Affiliations

Edible Green Solvent for Optimized Catechins Extraction from Green Tea Leaves: Anti-Hypercholesterolemia

Kazutoshi Fujioka et al. J Pharm Pharmacol Res. 2022.

Abstract

Catechin polyphenols are the major bioactive ingredients in green tea with various human health benefits. Extraction of catechins from green tea (GTE) leaves at optimized standard conditions is still a challenging approach. An optimized, rapid, and economic extraction method is industrially needed. We hypothesized that certain extraction techniques in the presence of natural polymers and antioxidants might improve GTE catechin extraction yield and its biological activity. The effect of microwave (30-60 seconds irradiation in a typical kitchen microwave) assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) techniques were evaluated separately and in combination. To study the effect of the extraction solvent, nine edible green solvent combinations were investigated namely water, ascorbic acid, chitosan/ascorbic acid, carboxymethylcellulose /ascorbic acid, methylcellulose /ascorbic acid, chitosan/methylcellulose/ascorbic acid, methylcellulose, chitosan/acetic acid, and ethanol. The amounts of extracted catechins from green tea leaves were quantified with HPLC-UV. Data showed that the use of MAE & UAE technique was the optimal in producing a higher extraction yield of catechins. Chitosan/ascorbic acid was the optimized solvent with high extraction efficiencies of catechins. Studies in high fat diet fed animals demonstrated significant reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-C by GTE after 3 weeks of oral daily administration. In conclusion, efficient extraction, and stabilization of catechins from green tea leaves demonstrated a significant lowering of high fat diet-mediated elevation in blood cholesterol and LDL-C levels.

Keywords: EGCG; catechins; chitosan; dyslipidemia; edible solvent; extraction; green tea; hypercholesterolemia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration: No conflict of interest to be declared by all authors.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Schematic diagram for extraction protocol for catechins from green tea leaves.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
HPLC-UV chromatogram of phytochemicals in green tea extract, 1: Garlic acid, 2: Theobromine, 3: Theophylline, 4: EGC, 5: Catechin, 6: Caffeine, 7: EGCG, 8: GCG, 9: EC, 10: ECG
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C in plasma from a high-fat diet mice fed for 3 weeks and treated with A) GTE administered daily orally with water at 30 mg/kg versus vehicle control given water orally for 3 weeks. Blood was collected at week 3. B) Percentage reduction of plasma total cholesterol. C) LDL-C levels in vehicle control versus GTE treated daily for 3 weeks. D) Percentage reduction of plasma LDL-C was compared with control. Values are presented as mean ± S.D. Statistical analysis conducted using t-test to determine differences among the groups. GTE was statistically significant compared to vehicle control.
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