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. 2022 Jul 20:13:892630.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892630. eCollection 2022.

GhCalS5 is involved in cotton response to aphid attack through mediating callose formation

Natasha Isabel Tanatsiwa Mbiza  1 , Zongwei Hu  1 , Haoran Zhang  1 , Yi Zhang  1 , Xincheng Luo  2 , Yuxue Wang  1 , Yi Wang  1 , Ting Liu  1 , Jianping Li  1 , Xiangping Wang  1 , Jianmin Zhang  1 , Yonghao Yu  3
Affiliations

GhCalS5 is involved in cotton response to aphid attack through mediating callose formation

Natasha Isabel Tanatsiwa Mbiza et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Callose synthase plays an essential role in plant growth and development and in response to all sorts of stresses through regulating callose formation. However, few research about the function and mechanism of the insect resistance of callose synthase genes have been reported in cotton. In this study, a cotton callose synthase gene GhCalS5 was cloned, and its function and mechanism of resistance to cotton aphids were analyzed. The expression of GhCalS5 was significantly upregulated in both, leaves and stems of cotton plants at 48 h after cotton aphid infestation and in the leaves of cotton plants at 24 h after salicylic acid treatment. The overexpression of GhCalS5 enhanced cotton resistance to cotton aphids. Expectedly silencing of GhCalS5 reduced cotton resistance to cotton aphids. Overexpression of GhCalS5 enhanced callose formation in cotton leaves. Our results suggest that GhCalS5 is involved in cotton resistance against cotton aphids by influencing callose formation.

Keywords: GhCalS5; aphid resistance; callose; cotton; plant response.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of GhCalS5 protein and CalS proteins of other plant species. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likehood method using MEGA11 software. The accession numbers of sequence data were as follows: GhCalS5.1, Gossypium hirsutum CalS5.1 [XP_016676296.2]; GaCalS5.1, Gossypium arboreum CalS5.1[KHG21671.1]; GaCalS5-like.1, Gossypium austral CalS5-like.1 [KAA3479749.1]; GaCalS5.2, G. arboreum CalS5.2 [KHG21670.1]; HsCalS3, Hibiscus syriacus CalS3[KAE8662811.1]; HsCalS7, H. syriacus CalS7 [KAE8680723.1]; DzCalS5, Durio zibethinus CalS5 [XP_022750939.1]; HuCalS5, Herrania umbratica CalS5 [XP_021300964.1]; TcCalS5, Theobroma cacao CalS5 [EOX92541.1]; MnCalS5, Morus notabilis CalS5 [EXB36810.1]; SoCalS5, Syzygium oleosum CalS5[XP_030440758.1]; CsCalS5, Cannabis sativa CalS5[XP_030499529.1]; MrCalS5, Morella rubra CalS5[KAB1210572.1]; PgCalS5, Punica granatum CalS5[XP_031399619.1]; PtCalS5, Populus trichocarpa CalS5[XP_024456702.1]; CmCalS5, Cucurbita maxima CalS5[XP_023007270.1]; QlCalS5, Quercus lobata CalS5[XP_030973950.1]; GaCalS5-like.2, G. arboreum CalS5-like.2 [XP_017647032.1]; GhCalS5-like,G. hirsutum CalS5-like[XP_016698828.1].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Expression of GhCalS5 in cotton plants after cotton aphid treatment and after SA treatment. (A) Root after aphid treatment, (B) stem after aphid treatment, (C) leaf after aphid treatment (D) leaf after SA treatment. Error bars represent the standard deviation of measurements from three biological replicates. Number of plants used = 3 per treatment. Independent Student’s t-tests analyzed data. Error bars represent the SD of three biological replicates. Statistical significance for treatment effects is marked (*p < 0.05) or (**p < 0.01).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Overexpression GhCalS5 inhibited the population of cotton aphids in cotton plants. (A) transient expression of GhCalS5 in cotton leaves, (B) choice assay, (C) no-choice assay, (D) absorbance levels of aphid honeydew at 500 nm, (E) aphid honeydew deposition staining by ninhydrin. HPI, hours post infiltration. Number of plants used = 3 per treatment. One-way ANOVA analyzed data. Error bars represents the SD of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) based on Tukey’s HSD test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Silencing expression of GhCalS5 increased aphid population and feeding in cotton plants. (A) fold change in transcription of GhCalS5 in cotton leaves, (B) aphid no-choice assay, (C) absorbance levels of aphid honeydew at 500 nm (D) aphid honeydew deposition staining by ninhydrin. DPI, days post infiltration. Number of plants used = 3 per treatment. One-way ANOVA analyzed data. Error bars represents the SD of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) based on Tukey’s HSD test.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Callose deposition and quantification in GhCalS5-overexpressed or silenced cotton leaves. (A) Callose deposition in cotton leaves in WT, pBI121 (control), GhCalS5-overexpressed. (B) Callose deposition in cotton leaves in TRV: 00 and GhCalS5-silenced plants. (B) Callose deposits quantification in WT, pBI121 (control), and GhCalS5-overexpressed using ImageJ software. Callose deposits quantification in (C) WT, pBI121 (control), pBI121-GhCalS5 plants (D) WT, TRV: 00 (control), TRV:GhCalS5 plants using ImageJ software. One-way ANOVA analyzed data. Error bars represents the SD of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) based on Tukey’s HSD test. Values are shown per mm2 from the leaf of four independent plants. Scar bar: 50 μm.
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