Diagnosis of cerebral malaria: Tools to reduce Plasmodium falciparum associated mortality
- PMID: 36844403
- PMCID: PMC9947298
- DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1090013
Diagnosis of cerebral malaria: Tools to reduce Plasmodium falciparum associated mortality
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major cause of mortality in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection and is associated with the sequestration of parasitised erythrocytes in the microvasculature of the host's vital organs. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are key to a positive outcome in CM. However, current diagnostic tools remain inadequate to assess the degree of brain dysfunction associated with CM before the window for effective treatment closes. Several host and parasite factor-based biomarkers have been suggested as rapid diagnostic tools with potential for early CM diagnosis, however, no specific biomarker signature has been validated. Here, we provide an updated review on promising CM biomarker candidates and evaluate their applicability as point-of-care tools in malaria-endemic areas.
Keywords: biomarkers; cerebral malaria; diagnosis; plasmodium falciparum; therapeutic avenues.
Copyright © 2023 Muppidi, Wright, Wassmer and Gupta.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9947298/bin/fcimb-13-1090013-g001.gif)
Similar articles
-
An imported malaria case with repeated episodes of neurological syndromes resulting from different Plasmodium species.BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 3;24(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08872-y. BMC Infect Dis. 2024. PMID: 38172708 Free PMC article.
-
Cerebral Malaria and Neuronal Implications of Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: From Mechanisms to Advanced Models.Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Dec;9(36):e2202944. doi: 10.1002/advs.202202944. Epub 2022 Oct 27. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022. PMID: 36300890 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Cerebral malaria induced by plasmodium falciparum: clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jul 25;12:939532. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.939532. eCollection 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022. PMID: 35959375 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Binding Heterogeneity of Plasmodium falciparum to Engineered 3D Brain Microvessels Is Mediated by EPCR and ICAM-1.mBio. 2019 May 28;10(3):e00420-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00420-19. mBio. 2019. PMID: 31138740 Free PMC article.
-
Sequestration and microvascular congestion are associated with coma in human cerebral malaria.J Infect Dis. 2012 Feb 15;205(4):663-71. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir812. Epub 2011 Dec 29. J Infect Dis. 2012. PMID: 22207648 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Molecular tools are crucial for malaria elimination.Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Apr 20;51(1):555. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09496-4. Mol Biol Rep. 2024. PMID: 38642192 Review.
-
Host-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood and Tissue Human Protozoan Infections.Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 14;11(9):2318. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092318. Microorganisms. 2023. PMID: 37764162 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Abdelrazig S., Ortori C. A., Davey G., Deressa W., Mulleta D., Barrett D. A., et al. . (2017). A metabolomic analytical approach permits identification of urinary biomarkers for plasmodium falciparum infection: A case-control study. Malar J. 16 (1), 229. doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1875-z - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- Alkaitis M. S., Wang H., Ikeda A. K., Rowley C. A., MacCormick I. J., Chertow J. H., et al. . (2016). Decreased rate of plasma arginine appearance in murine malaria may explain hypoargininemia in children with cerebral malaria. J. Infect. Dis. 214 (12), 1840–1849. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw452 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical