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. 2023 Apr 21;13(1):6568.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33416-4.

Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa against coccidiosis in commercial poultry

Najam-Ul Lail  1 , Adeel Sattar  2 , Muhammad Ovais Omer  1 , Mian Abdul Hafeez  3 , Abdur Rauf Khalid  4 , Sammina Mahmood  5 , Muhammad Abubakr Shabbir  6 , Waqas Ahmed  7 , Muhammad Tahir Aleem  8 , Abdulaziz Alouffi  9 , Mashal M Almutairi  10
Affiliations

Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa against coccidiosis in commercial poultry

Najam-Ul Lail et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Coccidiosis causes huge economic losses worldwide. Current study evaluated the effect of biosynthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Nigella sativa, on Eimeria tenella infected broilers. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical ZnONPs with 50-100 nm diameter, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed the functional groups involved in the reduction of zinc acetate dihydrate to ZnONPs, UV-vis spectroscopy showed a peak at 354 nm, and Zeta potential exhibited stability at - 30 mV. A total of 150, a day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 equal groups. Control negative: uninfected and untreated; Control positive: Infected and untreated; 3rd, 4th and 5th group were infected orally with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and treated with 60 mg/kg ZnONPs, 1% Nigella sativa seeds and amprolium 125 ppm, respectively. ZnONPs significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth performance in the infected birds and decreased the oocyst shedding and anti-coccidial index. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of aspartate transferase and alanine transferase, whereas, a significantly higher amount of antioxidants like catalase and superoxide dismutase in ZnONPs treated group was observed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly decreased by ZnONPs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, biogenic ZnONPs with Nigella sativa might have enhanced anticoccidial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects with improved growth performance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by using Nigella sativa as a reducing agent.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of the plant extract to Zinc acetate ration (v/w) on yield (%) of Biosynthesized ZnONPs.
Figure3
Figure3
Ultra violet visible spectrum of Nigella sativa mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scanning electron microscopy image of zinc oxide nanoparticles showing diameter at 1 µm resolution.
Figure 5
Figure 5
X-ray Diffraction analysis of Nigella sativa mediated ZnONPs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Fourier transform infra-red spectra of zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized by Nigella sativa as reducing agent.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Stability of Nigella sativa mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Anti-coccidial Index of the broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella and given different treatments. Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at (p < 0.05).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Serum biochemical profile, Antioxidant status, and level of inflammatory cytokines of the broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella and given different treatments (A) Aspartate transferase, (B) Alanine transferase, (C) Catalase, (D) Superoxide dismutase, (E) Interleukins-2, (F) Tumor necrosis factor-α.
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