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. 2023 Aug 4;15(15):3457.
doi: 10.3390/nu15153457.

6-Gingerol Ameliorates Adiposity and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Association with Regulating of Adipokines

Kyung Hee Hong  1 , Min Young Um  2   3 , Jiyun Ahn  2   3 , Tae Youl Ha  2   3
Affiliations

6-Gingerol Ameliorates Adiposity and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Association with Regulating of Adipokines

Kyung Hee Hong et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

We investigated the effects of 6-gingerol on adiposity and obesity-induced inflammation by focusing on the regulation of adipogenesis and adipokines in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.05% 6-gingerol for 8 weeks. 6-Gingerol supplementation significantly reduced body weight, WAT mass, serum triglyceride, leptin and insulin levels, and HOMA-IR in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, the size of adipocytes in epididymal fat pads was reduced in HFD-fed mice by 6-gingerol supplementation. 6-Gingerol reduced the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, such as SREBP-1, PPARγ, and C/EBPα in WAT. Furthermore, 6-gingerol suppressed the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, such as fatty acid synthase and CD36 in WAT. Adiponectin expression was significantly increased, whereas inflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin, TNF-α, MCP-1, and PAI-1) and the macrophage marker F4/80 were significantly reduced in the WAT of HFD-fed mice by 6-gingerol supplementation. In conclusion, 6-gingerol effectively contributed to the alleviation of adiposity and inflammation in WAT, which is associated with the regulation of adipokines in diet-induced obese mice.

Keywords: 6-gingerol; adipogenesis; adipokine; inflammation; obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body weight (A), WAT weight (B), and epididymal WAT morphology and distribution of adipocyte size (C) in 6-gingerol supplemented HFD-induced obese mice. Representative photographs of epididymal WAT stained with H&E, shown at ×200 magnification. The adipocyte size from three different groups was determined using ImageJ software (NIH). The frequency distribution of adipocyte surface in epididymal WAT. Values are means ± SE. ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001 versus ND group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus HFD group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of 6-gingerol on the expression of protein (A) and mRNA (B) involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in the epididymal WAT of HFD-induced obese mice. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis and normalized to β-actin. The mRNA levels of target genes were determined by real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to β-actin. Values are means ± SE. ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001 versus ND group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus HFD group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of 6-gingerol on the expression of mRNA involved in inflammation in the epididymal WAT of HFD-induced obese mice. The mRNA levels of target genes were determined by real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to β-actin. Values are means ± SE. ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001 versus ND group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus HFD group.
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