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. 2023 Sep 9:64:102193.
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102193. eCollection 2023 Oct.

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Collaborators

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

GBD 2019 IMID Collaborators. EClinicalMedicine. .

Abstract

Background: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends.

Findings: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of -0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = -0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = -0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = -0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = -0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = -0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR.

Interpretation: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively.

Funding: The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38).

Keywords: Global burden of disease study; Immune-mediated inflammatory disease; Incidence; Trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

K Abuabara reports grants or contracts from Pfizer and Cosmetique Internacional SNC to their institution, University of California San Francisco; consulting fees from TARGET RWE; outside the submitted work. S Bhaskar reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with the Rotary Club or Sydney as Board Director and Chair of Youth, with Rotary District 9675 as Chair of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, and with Global Hub Health Germany as Founding Member and Co-manager, all outside the submitted work. R Buchbinder reports grants from Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Arthritis Australia, Cabrini Foundation, HCF Foundation, Australian Department of Health to their institution; royalties or licenses from UptoDate as personal payments for a chapter on plantar fasciitis; all outside the submitted work. A K Demetriades reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) as President and with Global Neuro Foundation as Board Member, all outside the submitted work. I Filip and A Radfar report payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute. T Fukumoto reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Pfizer, Maruho, Novartis, Taiho, Sun Pharma, UCB, and Janssen Pharma, all outside the submitted work. C Herteliu reports a research grant from Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, for project titled “Enhancing institutional performance through development of infrastructure and transdisciplinary research ecosystem within socio-economic domain–PERFECTIS,” project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021, outside the submitted work. N Ismail reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid, with the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy as council member and bursar, outside the submitted work. K Krishan reports non-financial support from UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. V Shivarov reports a pending Bulgarian patent for Possible SARS-CoV-2 preimmune epitopes; stock or stock options in ICON PLC through restricted stock units; other financial interests from PRAHS/ICON PLC through their salary; all outside the submitted work. C R Simpson reports research grants from MBIE (NZ), HRC (NZ), Ministry of Health (NZ), MRC (UK), HDRUK, and CSO (UK) to their institution, all outside the submitted work. J A Singh reports consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two Labs Inc., Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point Communications, the National Institutes of Health, and the American College of Rheumatology all as personal payments; payment or honoraria for speakers' bureaus from Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings or travel from the steering committee of OMERACT; unpaid participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with the US Food and Drug Administration Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary role in board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with OMERACT as a steering committee member, with the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee as Chair (unpaid), and with the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis and editor and director (unpaid); stock or stock options in Atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Biosolutions, Acumen Pharmaceutical, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics Inc., Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., and Charlotte's Web Holdings, Inc., and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. M Zielińska reports other financial or non-financial interests as an employee of AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. E Upadhyay reports a published patent for A system and method of reusable filters for anti-pollution mask, A system and method for electricity generation through crop stubble by using microbial fuel cells, A system for disposed personal protection equipment (PPE) into biofuel through pyrolysis and method, A novel herbal pharmaceutical aid for formulation of gel and method thereof, and reports leadship for Joint Secretary of Indian Meteorological Society, Jaipur Chapter, India, Member Secretary-DSTPURSE Program.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cross sectional and longitudinal trend of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases throughout human lifespan. The number of incident cases attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases throughout human lifespan in 2019 (A), The rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases throughout human lifespan in 2019 (B), The average annual percent change in number of indecent cases attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases throughout human lifespan, 1990–2019 (C), The average annual percent change in rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases throughout human lifespan, 1990–2019 (D).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The global map of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in 204 countries and territories for both sexes combined. The global map in number of incident cases attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, 2019 (A). The global map in age standardized rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, 2019 (B), The global map in average annual percent change in number of incident cases attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, 1990–2019 (C). The global map in average annual percent change in age standardized rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, 1990–2019 (D).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Contribution of incident cases from six individual to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, both sexes, globally and by region, 1990 and 2019. Contribution of incident cases from six individual to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, both sexes, globally and by region, 1990 (A), Contribution of incident cases from six individual to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, both sexes, globally and by region, 2019 (B).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The association between age standardized rate of incidence, socio-demographic index, average annual percent change across global burden of disease regions and countries and territories. Age standardized rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases per 100,000 persons for socio-demographic index by 21 global burden of diseaseregions, 2019 (A). Black line represents expected values based on socio-demographic index and disease rates across 21 global burden of disease regions; each point shows observed age standardized rate of incidence for specified global burden of diseaseregion in 2019. Age standardized rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory diseases per 100,000 persons for socio-demographic index by 204 countries and territories, 2019(B). Black line represents expected values based on socio-demographic index and disease across 204 countries and territories, each point shows observed age standardized rate of incidence for specified country in 2019. The correlation between average annual percent change and age standardized rate of incidence attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory in 1990 across 204 countries and territories (C). The size of circle is increased with the incident cases of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The ρ indices and p values were derived from Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation between average annual percent change and socio-demographic index attributable to overall immune-mediated inflammatory in 2019 across 204 countries and territories (D). The size of circle is increased with the incident cases of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The ρindices and p values were derived from Pearson correlation analysis.

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