Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Oct 3;24(19):14853.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241914853.

Research Progress on the Preparation and Function of Antioxidant Peptides from Walnuts

Yuxi Hu  1 , Ce Ni  1 , Yingying Wang  1 , Xun Yu  1 , Hao Wu  1 , Jia Tu  2   3 , Changzhu Li  2 , Zhihong Xiao  2 , Li Wen  1
Affiliations
Review

Research Progress on the Preparation and Function of Antioxidant Peptides from Walnuts

Yuxi Hu et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Food-derived peptides have good antioxidant activity and are highly safe for humans; consequently, there has been continuous growth in research on antioxidants, with potential applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. Among food-derived peptides, walnut-derived peptides have attracted increasing attention as food-derived peptides rich in eight essential amino acids. This review summarizes the progress made in the development and identification of antioxidant peptides in walnut proteins. This article mainly describes the interaction between reactive oxygen species and cellular antioxidant products, modulation of enzyme content and activity, and regulation of the redox signaling pathways and analyzes the mechanisms of reduction in oxidative stress. Finally, the complex structure-activity relationships of walnut-derived peptides are analyzed based on their amino acid composition and secondary structure of the polypeptides. This review provides a theoretical basis for the production of walnut-derived antioxidant peptides and could help promote the development of the walnut industry.

Keywords: antioxidant peptides; oxidative stress; structure–activity relationship; walnuts.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Composition of walnuts and their uses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the preparation process and function analyses of walnut antioxidant peptides.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram of walnut peptide regulating autophagy through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The walnut peptide regulates Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by increasing the p-Akt level and reducing the p-mTOR level, thus increasing the expression levels of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 and decreasing p62 expression level; this reduces neuronal apoptosis and triggers neuronal autophagy. In addition, these peptides promote fusion with lysosomes to form autophagic lysosomes and accelerate ROS removal by increasing the levels of LAMP1, LAMP2, and cathepsin D.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic diagram of the mechanism through which walnut peptide regulates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Peptides directly bind to Keap1 and release Nrf2, thereby activating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and inhibiting the formation of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. Simultaneously, the activity of the antioxidant markers (SOD and CAT) increases in hydrogen peroxide-induced cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Karami Z., Akbari-Adergani B. Bioactive food derived peptides: A review on correlation between structure of bioactive peptides and their functional properties. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2019;56:535–547. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3549-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kehinde B.A., Sharma P. Recently isolated antidiabetic hydrolysates and peptides from multiple food sources: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020;60:322–340. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1528206. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wen L., Jiang Y., Zhou X., Bi H., Yang B. Structure identification of soybean peptides and their immunomodulatory activity. Food Chem. 2021;359:129970. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129970. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ren L., Fan J., Yang Y., Xu Y., Chen F., Bian X., Xing T., Liu L., Yu D., Zhang N. Enzymatic hydrolysis of broken rice protein: Antioxidant activities by chemical and cellular antioxidant methods. Front. Nutr. 2021;8:788078. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.788078. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang C., Tu M., Wu D., Chen H., Chen C., Wang Z., Jiang L. Identification of an ACE-inhibitory peptide from walnut protein and its evaluation of the inhibitory mechanism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018;19:1156. doi: 10.3390/ijms19041156. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-