Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Oct 9:16:2077-2084.
doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S429224. eCollection 2023.

Cardiovascular Disease in China: Socioeconomic Status Variation in Prevalence

Chao Zhang  1 , Ying Shen  2 , Anxin Wang  3 , Da Wang  4 , Lei Cao  5 , Wei Yue  1   4
Affiliations

Cardiovascular Disease in China: Socioeconomic Status Variation in Prevalence

Chao Zhang et al. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. .

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the single largest contributor to global mortality and the leading cause of both death and premature death in China. Data on the association between cardiovascular disease and socioeconomic status are sparse, especially for Asian countries. Our study collected data to describe the socioeconomic status variation across cardiovascular disease using a large nationwide cross-sectional study.

Methods: We chose participants using the cluster sampling method, prepared a face-to-face questionnaire interview for the selected community residents, and collected information on health conditions, socioeconomic status, demographics, and comorbidities. All collected data were reported as frequencies and corresponding percentages. Linear regression and simple and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify the prevalence variation. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 software.

Results: Socioeconomic information was available for 394,688 participants (covering most provincial districts). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 7.9%. The prevalence was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas (rural, 8.4%; urban, 7.5%). There was a negative relationship between urbanization and cardiovascular disease prevalence. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease prevalence had a negative relationship with average earnings.

Conclusion: This cross-sectional analysis of socioeconomic status variation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in China showed a significant negative relationship between regional and individual socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease. The results imply that governments would benefit communities by focusing on effective and targeted interventions for prevention, screening, and treatment in individuals who may be in the socioeconomic status with a high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; income; prevalence; socioeconomic status; urbanization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest for this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
China’s population distribution on the basis of regions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between cardiovascular disease and urbanization. (Urbanization refers to the district-level percentage of adults in our sample who were living in an urban area. The grey line was fitted using linear regression with each data point in the plot having the same weight).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Kreatsoulas C, Anand SS. The impact of social determinants on cardiovascular disease. Can J Cardiol. 2010;26(Suppl C):8c–13c. doi:10.1016/S0828-282X(10)71075-8 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang G, Wang Y, Zeng Y, et al. Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2013;381(9882):1987–2015. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61097-1 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sacco RL, Roth GA, Reddy KS, et al. The heart of 25 by 25: achieving the goal of reducing global and regional premature deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke: a modeling study from the American heart association and world heart federation. Glob Heart. 2016;11(2):251–264. doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2016.04.002 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu J, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990–2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet. 2016;387(10015):251–272. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00551-6 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mendis S, Johnston SC, Fan W, Oladapo O, Cameron A, Faramawi MF. Cardiovascular risk management and its impact on hypertension control in primary care in low-resource settings: a cluster-randomized trial. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88(6):412–419. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.062364 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Grants and funding

Funded by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (No. TJYXZDXK-052B).

LinkOut - more resources

-