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Review
. 2023 Sep 27;13(10):1376.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci13101376.

Role of Non-Coding RNAs in TGF-β Signalling in Glioma

Bakhya Shree  1 , Vivek Sharma  1
Affiliations
Review

Role of Non-Coding RNAs in TGF-β Signalling in Glioma

Bakhya Shree et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

Brain tumours and Gliomas, in particular, are among the primary causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Glioma diagnosis and therapy have not significantly improved despite decades of efforts. Autocrine TGF-β signalling promotes glioma proliferation, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance. Non-coding RNAs such as miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNAs have emerged as critical transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of TGF-β pathway components in glioma. Here, we summarize the complex regulatory network among regulatory ncRNAs and TGF-β pathway during Glioma pathogenesis and discuss their role as potential therapeutic targets for Gliomas.

Keywords: GBM; TGF-β; circRNA; lncRNA; miRNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

V.S. is a guest editor in the special issue in which this article is published.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Role miRNAs and their targets in regulating the TGF-β pathway in GBM. TGF-β (yellow circled) promotes the expression of oncogenic miRNAs (red boxed), which can control post-transcriptional gene expression of its targets (brown circled) to promote TGF-β-mediated GBM pathogenesis. Few tumour suppressor miRNAs (green boxed) target the TGF-β pathway’s components and downregulate the TGF-β signalling, thereby attenuating GBM progression. The red arrows indicate inhibitory function, and the green arrows indicate a stimulatory role.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Role of LncRNAs involved in TGF-β pathway in regulating GBM pathogenesis. TGF-β (yellow circled) promotes the expression of oncogenic lncRNAs (red boxed), which can control transcriptional/post-transcriptional gene expression of its targets (brown circled) by interacting with miRNAs or proteins to promote TGF-β-mediated GBM pathogenesis. Few oncogenic lncRNAs are not induced by TGF-β but promote the TGF-β signalling-mediated GBM pathogenesis. Tumour suppressor lncRNAs (green boxed) target the components of the TGF-β pathway and downregulate the TGF-β signalling, thereby attenuating GBM progression. The red arrows indicate inhibitory function, and the green arrows indicate a stimulatory role.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Role of circular RNAs in regulating the TGF-β pathway in GBM. TGF-β (yellow circled) promotes the expression of oncogenic circRNA (red boxed), which controls the gene expression of its targets (brown circled) to promote TGF-β-mediated GBM pathogenesis. Tumour suppressor circRNA (green boxed) targets the TGF-β pathway’s components, downregulates the TGF-β signalling, and attenuates GBM progression. The red arrows indicate inhibitory function, and the green arrows indicate a stimulatory role.
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Grants and funding

This work was supported by extramural grants from the Government of India (DST-SERB ECR/2017/001953 and DBT-RLS 102/IFD/SAN/3499/2016-17) and intramural funds from an OPERA grant from BITS Pilani to VS. BS was supported by an SRF from ICMR No. 2020-7940/GEN-BMS.

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