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. 2024 Jan;22(1):14-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.006. Epub 2023 Oct 31.

An acute exercise at low to moderate intensity attenuated postprandial lipemia and insulin responses

Lisa L Ji  1 , Vicki S Fretwell  1 , Abel Escamilla  1 , Wanxiang Yao  1 , Tianou Zhang  1 , Meizi He  2 , John Q Zhang  1
Affiliations

An acute exercise at low to moderate intensity attenuated postprandial lipemia and insulin responses

Lisa L Ji et al. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on postprandial lipemia (PHTG) and insulin resistance in healthy individuals.

Methods: Participants were 10 adult males with normal fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations (age = 34 ± 2.8 y, body mass = 72.9 ± 2.4 kg, fasting plasma TG = 1.36 ± 0.18 mmol/l, VO2max = 43.7 ± 3.0 ml/kg/min, fasting glucose = 5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l and fasting Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR) = 1.7 ± 0.3). In this study, each participant performed a control trial (Ctr, no exercise), and 3 exercise trials at 40 % (40%T), 60 % (60%T), and 70 % (70%T) of their VO2max. In the exercise trials, participant jogged on a treadmill for 1 h at a designated intensity. A fat-rich meal was consumed by each participant 12 h after exercise. Blood samples were taken at 0 h (before the meal), and 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 24 h after the meal. The plasma TG, area score under TG concentration curve over an 8 h-period (TG tAUC) after the meal, and HOMA2-IR were analyzed.

Results: Our results showed that at 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after the meal, TG in all exercise trials were lower than Ctr (p < 0.05) but did not differ from each other. All the exercise trials were lower in TG tAUC scores than Ctr (p < 0.02), but differences were not observed among the exercise trials. In comparison to Ctr, a significant difference in HOMA2-IR in both 60 % T and 70 % T (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) was observed, but not in 40 % T.

Conclusion: The results suggest that exercising at low to moderate exercise intensity for 1 h sufficiently attenuates a fat meal induced PHTG. Moderate exercise intensity also effectively mitigates insulin resistance.

Keywords: Acute exercise; Insulin resistance; Postprandial lipemia; Triglyceride.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) diagram reporting enrollment, allocation, follow-up, and analysis of participants in the randomized controlled trial.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Trial flow chart. Control, fat-meal only; Three exercise trials were performed at 40 %, 60 %, or 70 % VO2max 12 h prior to a fat-meal intake. Trials were conducted 1–2 wks apart. Blood samples were drawn at 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 24 h.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a: Effect of exercise intensities on plasma TG. Means not sharing a common English letter are significantly different from each other over the trials at P < 0.05. b: Effect of exercise intensities on plasma TG clearance. TG tAUC scores in the exerciser trials were lower than Ctr (*p < 0.02).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of exercise intensities on insulin concentrations. Means not sharing a common English letter are significantly different from each other over the trials (p < 0.04). *p < 0.04; #p < 0.02.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effect of exercise intensities on HOMA2-IR (insulin resistance index). Exercise at 60 % and 70 % VO2max trials significantly lowered HOMA2-IR (p < 0.005 and p < 0.01, respectively).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Exercise intensities and NEFA. Means not sharing a common English letter are significantly different from each other over the trials at P < 0.05. NEFA at 70 % VO2max trial was significantly higher than 40 % VO2max trial and the control trial at 0 h, 6 h, and 8 h after the fat meal ingestion.
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