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. 2023 Nov 15:2023:6512136.
doi: 10.1155/2023/6512136. eCollection 2023.

Dietary Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Improves Nonspecific Immune Response of Chinese Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus)

Haichao Deng  1   2 , Huamei Yue  2 , Rui Ruan  2 , Huan Ye  2 , Zhong Li  3 , Chuangju Li  2
Affiliations

Dietary Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Improves Nonspecific Immune Response of Chinese Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus)

Haichao Deng et al. Aquac Nutr. .

Abstract

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been recognized as a potential additive for aquafeeds due to its beneficial biological functions. In order to evaluate the potential application of EGCG in Chinese rice field eel (Monopterus albus), six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EGCG were formulated and were fed to Monopterus albus (M. albus) for 9 weeks. The results showed that M. albus fed diets containing 0 and 100 mg/kg EGCG presented higher weight again and specific growth rate than the other groups. Fish fed with 25, 50, and 400 mg/kg EGCG displayed lower whole-body lipid content. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration significantly decreased in EGCG treated groups with the exception of 100 mg/kg group. Hepatic catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration decreased as EGCG level increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration showed an opposite trend. EGCG supplementation resulted in a promoted lysozyme (LZM) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) level in the liver of M. albus. Furthermore, transcription of three immune related genes including major histocompatibility complex (mhc-2α), hepcidin, and interleukin-8 (il-8) mRNAs was upregulated by EGCG treatment; while transcription of interleukin-6 (il-6) and nuclear factor kappa-B (nf-kb) genes was downregulated. Results also showed a linear relation between EGCG inclusion level and parameters of AST, CAT, GSH, MDA, LZM, IgM, and immune-related genes transcriptions. In summary, it could be suggested that EGCG supplementation enhanced the nonspecific immune response of the Chinese rice field eel. Based on the broken-line regression analysis of IgM, the optimal dietary EGCG supplementation for M. albus was estimated to be 109.81 mg/kg.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Activities of SOD and CAT, and concentrations of GSH and MDA in the liver of Monopterus albus. (a) SOD = superoxide dismutase; (b) CAT = catalase; (c) GSH = glutathione; and (d) MDA = malondialdehyde. Values are represented as means ± SEM (n = 6). Bars bearing the same or no letters are not significantly different. Means with different letters indicate significant differences in the treatments (P < 0.05). Letters A, L, and Q at the top of the plot show the P-value of ANOVA, linear relation, and quadratic relations, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IgM concentration and lysozyme activity in Monopterus albus. (a) IgM = immunoglobulin M and (b) LZM = lysozyme. Values are presented as means ± SEM (n = 6). Bars bearing the same or no letters are not significantly different. Means with different letters indicate significant differences in the treatments (P < 0.05). Letters A, L, and Q at the top of the plot show the P-value of ANOVA, linear relation, and quadratic relations, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The broken-line regression analysis of IgM concentration in M. albus fed diets with different EGCG supplementation levels.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Expression of immune-related genes in the liver of Monopterus albus. (a) mhc-2α = major histocompatibility complex; (b) hepcidin; (c) il-6 = interleukin-6; (d) il-8 = interleukin-8; and (e) nf-kb = nuclear factor kappa-B. Values are presented as means ± SEM (n = 3). Bars bearing the same or no letters are not significantly different. Means with different letters indicate significant differences in the treatments (P < 0.05). Letters A, L, and Q at the top of the plot show the P-value of ANOVA, linear relation, and quadratic relations, respectively.
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