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. 2023 Dec 6;9(12):956.
doi: 10.3390/gels9120956.

Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation

Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha  1   2 , Haneefat Folashade Ibraheem  2 , Suleiman Taiwo  2 , Ismail O Ishola  3 , Sukurat Olasumbo Usman  4 , Yusuf Oluwagbenga Ghazali  2
Affiliations

Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation

Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha et al. Gels. .

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, the incidence of inflammation and inflammatory disorders has continued to rise at an alarming rate. Entandrophragma utile is a species of flowering plant widely distributed in Africa and has been used for the management of sickle cell disease, rheumatism, ocular inflammation, duodenal and stomach ulcers. This research aims to formulate and evaluate an anti-inflammatory herbal emulgel using an extract from Entandrophragma utile stem bark (EUB). Method: Using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of EUB the extract was assessed. The formulated Entandrophragma utile emulgels (EUE) were characterized, and their anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated, by utilizing diclofenac emulgel-treated rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model as the positive control group. Results: The emulgels formulated had characterization results within acceptable ranges; pH (4.25-5.80), viscosity (418.9-112.8 mPas), spreadability (25.00-31.82 gcm/s), extrudability (30.86-51.02 g/cm2), and a swelling index of (30-60%). The emulgel produced a concentration-dependent inflammatory inhibition with a peak effect (117.97%) at the end of the 4th week which was comparable to that of commercial diclofenac (127.19%). The phytochemical analysis led to the identification of saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins as active secondary metabolites. Conclusions: The stem bark extract of E. utile possessed noteworthy (p < 0.05) reduction in inflammation in comparison to diclofenac and its emulgel formulation showed enormous potential for treating inflammation and pain.

Keywords: Entandrophragma utile; herbal emulgel; inflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Image showing the effect of the treatments (with the formulated herbal emulgel) on CFA-induced inflammation in the rats. [(A)-EUE1, (B)-EUE2, (C)-EUE3, (D)-EUE4, (E)-EUE5, (F)-DIC].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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